Genetics Flashcards
(27 cards)
Incomplete dominance
Red and white flowers make pink flowers
Codominance
Phenotype of heterozygotes are the sum of the 2 traits (have both)
Pleitropy
One gene affects many phenotypes
Quantitative Characteristics
Characters that vary in a continuum in a population
Polygenic Inheritance
The additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype. Multiple genes contribute to phenotype
Epistasis
Occurs when a gene at one locus that alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
dominantly inherited diseases
achondroplasia, ataxis, paraplegia, dystonia, inherited dementia
recessively inherited diseases
albinism, cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, sickle cell disease
recombination frequency
the percentage of the recombinant offspring over the total
Gene annotation
process of identifying all protein-coding genes in a genome sequence and their functions
Bioinformatics
application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
chromosome theory of inheritance
Genes have specific loci along chromosomes, and chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment.
wild type
the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations
Morgan mated a RED eyed female with WHITE eyed mutant male. The offspring (F1) were ____________.
2 F1s were mated. Their offspring ratio: __________.
- All red eyed
2. Female: red eyed, male: 1/2 red eyed
Gene on Y chromosome responsible for male sex development
SRY
How is an X chromosome inactivated?
A region on each X chromosome associate briefly during embryonic development. A gene on this region, called XIST (X-inactivation specific transcript) becomes active on the chromosome that will become the barr body. XIST gene makes an RNA product, which attaches to the X chromosome, eventually covering it.
Map Unit
equal to 1% recombination frequency
Genetic Recombination
Offspring have combinations of traits different from either parent`
nondisjunction
members of a pair of homologous chromosomes don’t separate during meiosis I, or sister chromatids don’t separate during meiosis II
deletion
a chromosomal fragment is lost; affected chromosome is missing certain genes
duplication
deleted fragment from one chromosome attaches to a sister chromatid
inversion
chromosomal fragment detaches and reattaches to the chromosome in reverse orientation
translocation
deleted fragment attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome
Genomic Imprinting
Variation in phenotype that depends on whether the allele was inherited from the mother or the father.
