Genetics Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is mitosis?
number of chromosomes double then the cell divides
what is meiosis?
break apart at points of contacts
where is mitochondrial DNA located?
in the cytoplasm
who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from?
the mother
Gametes are produced by?
Meiosis
What are alleles?
two genes one on each chromosome of a pair that control the same trait
An extra chromosome in each cell causes..
Down syndrome
A transfer RNA carriers what to the ribosome?
amino acid
what is the Urbach-Wiethe Disease?
a genetic disorder resulting in calcification of the amygdala and surrounding anterior medial temporal lobe structures
What is a codon?
each group of three consecutive nucleotide bases along the messenger RNA
what is epigenetics?
the study of all mechanisms of inheritance other than the genetic code and expression
What is ontogeny?
study of development over and individuals life span
What is phylogeny?
study of development over an evolutionary period
What is Phenylketonuria?
(PKU) a neurological disorder that shows how it only takes one gene to screw everything up
what is a true breeding line?
inherited members always produce offspring with the same trait generation
What is a dominant trait?
a trait that appears in all of the first-generation offspring
what is a recessive trait?
appears in about 1/4 of the second generation offspring
what is a genotpe?
traits that are passed through its genetic material
what is homozygous?
two identical genes for a trait
what is heterozygous?
genes that possess two different genes for a trait
what are autosomal chromosomes?
typical chromosomes which come in matched pairs
what are dichotomous traits?
they occur in one form or the other and never in combination
what is a phenotype?
an organisms observable trait
What is RNA?
it is like DNA but it contain the nucleotide base uracil and has a phosphate and ribose backbone
