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Neuroscience: Genetics > Genetics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Genetics Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

number of chromosomes double then the cell divides

2
Q

what is meiosis?

A

break apart at points of contacts

3
Q

where is mitochondrial DNA located?

A

in the cytoplasm

4
Q

who is mitochondrial DNA inherited from?

A

the mother

5
Q

Gametes are produced by?

A

Meiosis

6
Q

What are alleles?

A

two genes one on each chromosome of a pair that control the same trait

7
Q

An extra chromosome in each cell causes..

A

Down syndrome

8
Q

A transfer RNA carriers what to the ribosome?

A

amino acid

9
Q

what is the Urbach-Wiethe Disease?

A

a genetic disorder resulting in calcification of the amygdala and surrounding anterior medial temporal lobe structures

10
Q

What is a codon?

A

each group of three consecutive nucleotide bases along the messenger RNA

11
Q

what is epigenetics?

A

the study of all mechanisms of inheritance other than the genetic code and expression

12
Q

What is ontogeny?

A

study of development over and individuals life span

13
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

study of development over an evolutionary period

14
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A

(PKU) a neurological disorder that shows how it only takes one gene to screw everything up

15
Q

what is a true breeding line?

A

inherited members always produce offspring with the same trait generation

16
Q

What is a dominant trait?

A

a trait that appears in all of the first-generation offspring

17
Q

what is a recessive trait?

A

appears in about 1/4 of the second generation offspring

18
Q

what is a genotpe?

A

traits that are passed through its genetic material

19
Q

what is homozygous?

A

two identical genes for a trait

20
Q

what is heterozygous?

A

genes that possess two different genes for a trait

21
Q

what are autosomal chromosomes?

A

typical chromosomes which come in matched pairs

22
Q

what are dichotomous traits?

A

they occur in one form or the other and never in combination

23
Q

what is a phenotype?

A

an organisms observable trait

24
Q

What is RNA?

A

it is like DNA but it contain the nucleotide base uracil and has a phosphate and ribose backbone

25
Q

what backbone does RNA have?

A

ribose and phosphate

26
Q

what backbone does DNA have?

A

phosphate and deoxyribose

27
Q

what nucleotide base does DNA have?

A

thymine