Genetics

Question 1

First 22 pairs of chromosomes, excludes the 2 sex chromosomes

Answer 1

Autosomes

Question 2

Cell division in which 2 daughter cells with identical chromosomal composition to the parent cell, with each daughter cell containing 46 chromosomes are formed

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

Reproductive sperm and egg cell division in which each daughter cell receives half or 23 of the parent cell chromosomes

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

Originating prior to birth

Answer 4

Congenital

Question 5

Failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis, resulting in daughter cells with unequal number of chromosomes

Answer 5

Nondisjunction

Question 6

Presence of 2 genetically distinct types of cells in one individual, with some cells having 46 chromosomes and some having 47 chromosomes

Answer 6

Mosaicism

Question 7

Transfer of a fragment of one chromosome to another chromosome

Answer 7

Translocation

Question 8

Loss of genetic material from a chromosome

Answer 8

Deletion

Question 9

An organism’s complete set of hereditary factors or genes

Answer 9

Genome

Question 10

An individual’s genetic composition

Answer 10

Genotype

Question 11

Physical appearance of a genetic trait

Answer 11

Phenotype

Question 12

A chance change in a gene

Answer 12

Mutation

Question 13

A trait that only requires one copy of a gene to be expressed phenotypically

Answer 13

Dominant

Question 14

A trait that is expressed only when two copies of a gene are inherited

Answer 14

Recessive

Question 15

Alternate forms of a gene that may exist at the same site on a chromosome

Answer 15

Alleles

Question 16

The genetic principle that there is an X chromosome inactivation in females

Answer 16

Lionization

Question 17

Photograph of the chromosomal makeup of a cell

Answer 17

Karyotyoe

Question 18

Lack of spontaneous breathing effort

Answer 18

Apnea

Question 19

Small teeth

Answer 19

Microdontia

Question 20

A congenital connection between the trachea and esophagus leading to aspiration of food and requiring surgical correction

Answer 20

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 21

Congenital malabsorption syndrome that leads to failure to gain weight and passage of loose, foul smelling stools. It is caused by intolerance of cereal products that contain gluten (wheat)

Answer 21

Celiac disease

Question 22

Floppiness without weakness

Answer 22

Hypotonia

Question 23

Deviation of one or both eyes during forward gaze

Answer 23

Strabismus

Question 24

Jiggling of eyes

Answer 24

Nystagmus

Question 25

Droopy eyelids

Answer 25

Ptosis

Question 26

Inflammation of eyelids

Answer 26

Blepharitis

Question 27

Abnormal contact of opposing teeth

Answer 27

Malocclusions

Question 28

Hair loss

Answer 28

Alopecia

Question 29

Trait transmitted by gene on X chromosome

Answer 29

X linked trait

Question 30

Markedly enlarged testicals

Answer 30

Macroorchidism

Question 31

Large head

Answer 31

Microcephalic

Question 32

Immediate or delayed repetition of a word or phrase said by others

Answer 32

Echolalia

Question 33

Repeat a response after the initiating stimulus is stopped

Answer 33

Perseverate

Question 34

Partial loss of sight resulting from disuse atrophy of neural circuitry during a critical period of development, most often associated with untreated strabismus in children

Answer 34

Amblyopia

Question 35

Middle ear infection

Answer 35

Otitis media

Question 36

Chemical compound that can damage neurons

Answer 36

Neurotoxin

Question 37

Recurring purposeless but voluntary movements

Answer 37

Stereotypies