Genetics Flashcards
(15 cards)
Draw a flowchart that displays what cells are used for
Cells—>Tissues—>Organs—>Organ system—>Organism
Who proposed the idea of a cell?
Robert Hooke
What is cell division?
When cells divide to create 2 identical daughter cells.
Who discovered DNA?
Dr. Watson and Dr. Crick
What is a chromosome?
A long molecule of DNA that carries a chemical code, it is arranged into the shape of a twisted ladder
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribo-nucleic-acid
What is mitosis?
The process in which a cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets. This is followed directly after by cytokinesis where the cytoplasm and other organelles are divided into two identical cells.
How many chromosomes does a normal human cell contain?
46
What is meiosis?
- Chromosomes replicate
- Homologous (similar) chromosomes pair up
- Homologous chromosomes swap sections of DNA
- Homologous pairs divide. Daughter nuclei have single chromosomes
- Chromosomes divide, Gametes have single chromosomes and a new mix of genetic material.
Define an Allele
A different variant of the same gene
Why is variation from sexual reproduction so important?
If all individuals in a species were the same then one factor such as disease could wipe out that species.
What is different about the 23rd chromosome?
This chromosome determines the sex of the person.
What is Homozygous Dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive?
Homozygous Dominant = Both alleles dominant
Heterozygous = One dominant, one recessive
Homozygous Recessive = Both alleles recessive
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype
genotype = type of gene phenotype = physical appearance
Difference between continuous and discrete
Continuous = any value Discrete = a discrete category
