Genetics Flashcards
(23 cards)
Gene
Section of DNA that codes for a particular trait or characteristic
Allele
A different form of a gene that codes for a different version of a characteristic
Genotype
A description of the pair of alleles present for a characteristic
Phenotype
The physical expression of the alleles
Homozygous
Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are the same, e.g. HH.
Heterozygous
Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are different, e.g. Hh.
Dominant
An allele that will always be expressed even when there is only one of these alleles present, represented by a capital letter.
Recessive
An allele that will only be expressed when both alleles are of this type e.g. hh.
Variation
Variation is due to either Environmental are Inherited (genetic) or both
Dolly the sheep
An example of cloning.
asexual reproduction
Reproduction without gametes and with only one parent.
gene pool
The variety of genes available in a population.
clone
A genetically identical organism.
sexual reproduction
Reproduction that involves gametes and two parents.
characteristics
A feature of an organism.
cutting
Small section of a plant is taken and planted.
To have Cystic Fibrosis you need to have the genotype…
cc
To have Polydactyl you need to have the genotype…
PP or Pp
Step 1 of Selective breeding
Decide which characteristic is the most important
Step 2 of Selective breeding
Select parent that have high levels of the characteristic
Step 3 of Selective breeding
Breed the individuals
Step 4 of Selective breeding
Select the best offspring and breed again from this generation
Step 5 of Selective breeding
Repeat process for many generations
