Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 7 > Genetics and DNA > Flashcards

Genetics and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA?

A

the hereditary material in all organisms that is passed down from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the base pairs?

A

Adenine and Thymine (A+T), Guanine and Cytosine (G+C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

a part of one half of the ladder of DNA; contains phosphate backbone, deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen-containing base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chromosome

A

long strands of DNA molecules that are packaged into thickly coiled structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gene

A

a specific section of DNA that codes for one type of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who were the early scientists that were involved in discovering DNA’s structure?

A

Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

the nucleus of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does DNA replicate?

A

The strand splits in half, and each strand gets paired up with a new complementary strand to create two new strands of DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is complementarity?

A

A is complementary to T, G is complementary to C. Base pairs are complementary to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 main phases of the cell cycle?

A

G1, S, G2, Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mitosis?

A

the process of cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 main phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

chromosomes and mitotic spindle form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

chromosomes are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle

17
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

cell starts to separate into two new cells

18
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

when the cytoplasm divides

19
Q

What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

to make sure that the cells are developing properly and that there is nothing wrong so that if there is a bad cancer cell it is stopped before it can reproduce

20
Q

What is interphase?

A

the period of time in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing

21
Q

What is an allele?

A

one gene of the homologous chromosome pair that matches up with another gene from the opposite parent

22
Q

What are dominant and recessive traits?

A

Dominant - one to show up in phenotype
Recessive - 2 to show up in phenotype

23
Q

What does it mean if you are homozygous or heterozygous?

A

If you are heterozygous, you have one dominant allele and one recessive allele. If you are homozygous, you have two dominant or two recessive alleles.

24
Q

What is a pedigree chart?

A

A pedigree chart is a way to figure out people’s genotypes

25
Q

What are traits?

A

parts of your phenotype

26
Q

What is the difference between your genotype and your phenotype?

A

Your genotype is your allele code (AA, Aa, aa), whereas your phenotype is what shows up in your body (your appearance).

Science 7 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions