Genetics and Evolution

Question 1

What is the definition of a species?

Answer 1

a group of organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring.

Question 2

What is the definition of nature?

Answer 2

the basic characteristics of an individual as a result of inherited genes.

Question 3

What is the definition of nurture

Answer 3

the basic characteristics of an individual as a result of the environment that you live in.

Question 4

What are two examples of nurture characteristics?

Answer 4

personality and dying hair colours

Question 4

What are two examples of nature characteristics?

Answer 4

eye colour and nose shape

Question 4

how are identical twins produced?

Answer 4

one egg is fertilised by one sperm and it is split after fertilisation.

Question 5

what percentage of DNA do identical twins share?

Answer 5

50%

Question 5

what do identical twins share as they grow up?

Answer 5

the same environment

Question 6

what do the twin studies tell us?

Answer 6

they compare environmental and inherited factors and characteristics.

Question 7

what do twin studies compare?

Answer 7

nature VS nurture

Question 8

What causes variation in identical twins?

Answer 8

environmental characteristics (nurture)

Question 9

what causes variation in non identical twins?

Answer 9

inherited characteristics/ genetics (nature)

Question 10

who created the theory of natural selection?

Answer 10

Charles Darwin

Question 11

What is a mutation?

Answer 11

a change in genetic DNA

Question 12

What is variation?

Answer 12

a range of characteristics

Question 12

What is the technical term for survival of the fittest?

Answer 12

Natural selection

Question 13

what are the stages of natural selection?

Answer 13

there is variation in a population - the organisms best suited for the environment survive and breed - the others die - the organisms that breed pass on genetic material and are more likely to be successful - this process is repeated and over time species evolve.

Question 14

what was Lamark’s theory?

Answer 14

the more a characteristic is used the bigger and stronger it becomes - characteristics not used disappear - the used characteristic is passed on to its offspring.

Question 15

what happens to species unable to compete - Charles Darwin?

Answer 15

they go extinct

Question 16

What is similar about human and chimp skulls?

Answer 16

the bone structure - same amount of bones and teeth

Question 17

Which islands where the birds that Darwin saw from?

Answer 17

Galapogus islands

Question 18

What varied about these birds?

Answer 18

beak size

Question 19

Which animals survive the longest?

Answer 19

the animals best at surviving and reproducing.

Question 20

How does speciation occur?

Answer 20

the population becomes seperated into two groups - over time each group evolves differently due to genetic variation - the longer they are seperated the more different they become - eventually the two groups have changed so much they can no longer interbreed.

Question 21

What are the three isolation methods for speciation to occur?

Answer 21

continental drift - mountain formation - slitting of habitats ( this can be like deforestation or flooding etc)

Question 22

What happens differently in speciation?

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

what is selective breeding?

Answer 23

speeds up natural selection by selecting animals or plants for breeding that have required characteristics.

Question 24

what are the limitations of selective breeding?

Answer 24

inbreeding, diseases are prone to some species

Question 25

What are advantages of selective breeding?

Answer 25

economic gains, reponsible for agricultural progress