Genetics and Heredity

Question 1

What is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 1

to make cells 1/2 the amount of chromosomes for sexual reproduction

Question 2

what type of cells undergo meiosis?

Answer 2

sex cells / gamates

Question 3

how many cells are typically produced during meiosis

Answer 3

4

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

1 chromosome (n)

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

2 chromosome (2n)

Question 6

spermatogenesis

Answer 6

• occurs when boy goes through puberty
• creates 4 haploid sperm cells
  occurs during DNA replication, meiosis 1 and 2

Question 7

oogenesis

Answer 7

• happened before female is born
• creates 1 haploid egg cell and 3 non usable cells
  occurs during DNA replication, meiosis 1 and 2

Question 8

sister chromatid

Answer 8

IDENTICAL copies

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

same chromosomes different patterns

Question 10

what is crossing over

Answer 10

genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes

Question 11

what is the law of independent assortment

Answer 11

different genes randomly distributed into gametes during the formation of sex cells

Question 12

explain the process of fertilization

Answer 12

fertilization involves the jus ion of haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) to form diploid zygotes. which is initial stage of development of a new organism.

Question 13

why do the products of meiosis need to be haploid

Answer 13

so they can make a diploid zygotes and have the correct chromosome

Question 14

what is a karyotype

Answer 14

picture of chromosome disadvantages

Question 15

how many autosomal chromosomes are found in a karyotype

Answer 15

4 autosomal

Question 16

how many sexual chromosomes are found in a karyotype

Answer 16

2 sex chromosomes

Question 17

how many sexual chromosomes are found in a karyotype

Answer 17

2 sex chromosomes

Question 18

female

Answer 18

XX

Question 19

male

Answer 19

XY

Question 20

what is nondisjunction

Answer 20

a mistake in meiosis - caused in anaphase 1 or 2

Question 21

what can nondisjunction result in

Answer 21

not normal amount of chromosomes- added or removed chromosome

Question 22

sexual reproduction

Answer 22

ADVANTAGE
- population differences
- survival of individuals
- less chance of inherited disease
DISADVANTAGES
- requires time, energy and a mate
- fertilization no during pregnancy, organism have to grow

Question 23

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 23

ADVANTAGES
- large number of offspring quickly
- no mate, time, energy
DISADVANTAGES
- no genetic variation
- mutation DNA passed down
- entire species wiped out

Question 24

GAMETE

Answer 24

Haploid - Meiosis

Question 25

Skin Cell

Answer 25

Diploid - mitosis

Question 26

egg cell

Answer 26

haploid - meiosis

Question 27

eye cell

Answer 27

haploid - meiosis

Question 28

fertilized egg

Answer 28

Diploid- fertilization

Question 29

sperm cell

Answer 29

haploid - meiosis

Question 30

ovum

Answer 30

haploid - meiosis