Genetics and stuff Flashcards
(24 cards)
model organism
species used in scientific experiments, they are easy to maintain and breed i.e. plants, mice, fruit fly
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics, he tested the “particulate” hypothesis in pea plants
F1 Generation
the F1 generation is the first generation of offspring produced by a set of parents. The ‘F’ in F1 stands for ‘filial. ‘ So in short, F1 means ‘first filial generation’
The Law of Segregation
for each gene, you’re going to have mostly 2 alleles. We separate alleles during meiosis 1
allele
a variety of a gene, a form of a gene, it can be dominant or recessive
genotype
your genetic makeup. example: TT, Tt, or tt, they also can help determine phenotype characteristics
phenotype
physical characteristic based on genotype
homozygous
same two letters in allele Ex: HH, hh
homozygous dominant
if it carries two copies of the same dominant allele
homozygous recessive
if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele
females that are XX and SRY negative
present as female and going to look female
males that are XY and SRY positive
develop as males and look like males
SRY Gene
determines maleness
SRY present in embryo
testes
SRY absent in embryo
ovaries
XY means you’re a
male
X comes from
mom
Y AND X
dad
XX means you’re a
female
if a trait on the X chromosome is recessive,
Females will express the recessive trait only if she is homozygous recessive.
Males will express the recessive trait if he receives a recessive allele from his mom
TRUE/FALSE
since males have only one X chromosomes they are much more susceptible to X-linked disorders
true
if the mother has a recessive sex-linked trait, then….
all her sons will have the same trait
“true-breeding plants” mean
that self-pollinating plants will always produce the same trait of a particular character
pleiotropic effect
occurs when a single gene affects the phenotype of many characters in an individual
