Genetics and Variation

Question 1

Invertebrate

Answer 1

Animal without a backbone

Question 2

Vertebrate

Answer 2

Animal with a backbone

Question 3

Fish

Answer 3

Scales, live in water, coldblooded, eggs, gills

Question 4

Amphibians

Answer 4

Smooth skin, live in water and on land, coldblooded, eggs

Question 5

Reptiles

Answer 5

Scales, eggs, coldblooded, lungs

Question 6

Mammals

Answer 6

Fur, warm-blooded, live births, lungs

Question 7

Birds

Answer 7

Feathers, warm-blooded, eggs, lungs

Question 8

Continuous Variation

Answer 8

Variation with no limit for population, plotted on line graph e.g. height

Question 9

Discrete Variation

Answer 9

Variation with distinct groups, plotted on bar chart e.g. eye colour

Question 10

Environmental Variation

Answer 10

Variations caused by the environment e.g. hair length, scars, handwriting, musical skills, accents

Question 11

Inherited Variation

Answer 11

Variation caused by genes from parents e.g. nose shape, foot size, eye colour, freckles, blood group

Question 12

Allele

Answer 12

Different forms of the same gene

Question 13

Dominant

Answer 13

Characteristic that is expressed by genes that are the same or different

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

Section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

The two alleles that an organism has

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Two different alleles e.g. Aa

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

Two of the same allele e.g. aa

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Physical appearance due to genotype

Question 19

Recessive

Answer 19

Characteristic that is expressed only when two genes are the same

Question 20

Chromosome

Answer 20

Thread-like structures made of DNA

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

Material that genes are made of

Question 22

Evolution

Answer 22

Process by which organisms have developed from earlier life forms on Earth

Question 23

Extinction

Answer 23

The complete disappearance of a species from Earth

Question 24

Fossil

Answer 24

The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded and preserved in petrified rock

Question 25

Impression Fossils

Answer 25

Fossils of a dinosaurs footprint etc

Question 26

Preserved Organisms

Answer 26

Organisms preserved in prehistoric tree resin (amber)

Question 27

Mineral Replacement

Answer 27

Bones are buried and after they decay minerals create a copy of them in a sediment mould

Question 28

Species

Answer 28

A group of organisms with characteristics in common and can produce fertile offspring

Question 29

Variation

Answer 29

Differences between same species caused by genes

Question 30

Mutation

Answer 30

Random change in genes

Question 31

Causes of Extinction

Answer 31

Rapid environment changes, new predators, new diseases, new competition for food, natural disasters