genetics chapter 7 Flashcards by Hailey Shabo

adenine

1 NH3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

guanine

2 H bonds, has an O double bond, 1 NH2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

guanine formal name

deoxyguanosine 5”-monophosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thymine

1 bond H3C, 2 O double bond, 2H bonds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thymine formal name

deoxythymidine 5’-monophosphate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cytosine

1 NH3 bond, 2 H bonds, 1 O double bond

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cytosine formal name

deoxycytidine 5’-monophospahte

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pyrimadines

thymine and cytosine
-one single ring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

purines

adenine and guanine
-two rings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what goes with A?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what goes with G?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

coding strand and template strand

-coding strand is the exact same as the new strand thats being made (if its RNA that being made, then you switch the T for a U)
-template strand is made complementary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

helicase, topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase 3, DNA Polymerase 1, then ligase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA Polymerase 1

removes and replaces DNA fragments in the LAGGING strand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DNA Polymerase 3

actually replicating the DNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is attached to the 3’ carbon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is attached to the 2’ in deoxyribose?

what is attached to the 2’ in ribose?

what is attached to the 1’ ?

carbon

what is attached to the 5’?

1-3 phosphate groups

deoxynucleotide triphosphates

dTNPs,
- not part of polynucleotide chain
-act as substrates for DNA synthesis

deoxynucleotide MONOphosphates

-a part of polynucleotide chain
-have single phosphates called dNMPs (N refers to one of the 4 bases)

What is DNA polymerase (DNA pol)

by this, individual nucleotides are put into chains

what direction are chains built in?

5’ – 3’

what do we add groups onto?

the 3' OH

What does DNA Polymerase do?

it catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and 5' phosphate group of next nucleotide

each polynucleotide chain has a _______________________

sugar phosphate backbone

what is the bases of nucleotide pairing?

1. the bases of one strand are complementary to the bases in a corresponding strand 2. The two strands are antiparallel, with respect to their 5' and 3' ends - brings the partial charges into alignment - charges would repel each other if the strands ran parallel

major and minor grooves

regions where DNA building proteins can make direct contact with nucleotides

what are the alternate forms of DNA?

B-form, A-from. Z-form

B-form

-most common form -10.5 bases per turn - bases perpendicular to long axis

A-form

-more compact -11 bases per turn -bases are not perpendicular -found under dehydrating conditions

Z-form

-left-handed helix -12 base pairs per turn - zig-zag appearance -physiology experience is unknown, but it is observed in certain sequences near the beginning of gene transcription

bacteria have how many origins of replication

one since it is circular

eukaryotic has how many origins of replication

multiple since it is linear

how many origins are in the human genome?

more than 10,000

what is replication best studies in?

bacteria

replisome

large complex of proteins at the origin of replication

what does the replisome do?

assembles at each replication fork on the DNA during synthesis

replication origins have ______ the attract _______ enzymes.

sequences; replication

consensus sequence

most common sequence/average

topoisomerase

unravels coil and then hooks back on