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L1 Science > Genetics Definitions > Flashcards

Genetics Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Homozygous recessive

A

two recessive alleles, aa

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2
Q

Homozygous dominant

A

two dominant alleles, AA

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3
Q

Heterozygous

A

two different alleles, Aa

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4
Q

DNA

A

carries the genetic information

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5
Q

Gene

A

a short segment of DNA that codes for a protein/trait

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6
Q

Allele

A

an alternative form of a gene

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7
Q

Genotype

A

the alleles present

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8
Q

Phenotype

A

the physical characteristic expressed

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9
Q

Chromosome

A

condensed DNA

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10
Q

Inheritable

A

can be passed on, occurs in the gametes

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11
Q

Non-inheritable

A

can not be passed on, occurs in somatic cells

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12
Q

Somatic Cells

A

body cells

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13
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells (egg and sperm)

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14
Q

Pure Breeding

A

homozygous for a trait

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15
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

pair of chromosomes (one from each parent)

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16
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

involves two parents

17
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

involves one parent (creates identical offspring/clone)

18
Q

Fertilisation

A

fusing of egg and sperm (gametes) to form a zygote

19
Q

Crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information

20
Q

Independent assortment

A

homologous chromosomes line up independently along equator (middle of cell)

21
Q

Meiosis

A

cell division in gametes produces 4 unique daughter cells

22
Q

Variation

A

differences/diversity within a population

23
Q

Mutation

A

permanent change in the base sequence of DNA, produces new allele

24
Q

Test Cross

A

a cross between an unknown genotype and homozygous reccessive

L1 Science (2 decks)

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