GENETICS ehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Question 1

all the characteristics of an organism

Answer 1

trait

Question 2

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Answer 2

heredity

Question 3

the study of how traits are inherited

Answer 3

genetics

Question 4

coiled structures made of DNA and proteins called histones

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

chromosomes are divided into these areas

Answer 5

gene

Question 6

the genetic material in our cells

Answer 6

dna

Question 7

a complete set of human chromosomes

Answer 7

karyotype

Question 8

his discoveries formed the basis of genetics, the science of heredity (known for his pea plant experiment)

Answer 8

gregor mendel (father of modern genetics)

Question 9

only one gene for the trait needs to be present for the trait to show

Answer 9

dominant trait

Question 10

both genes for the trait must be present for the trait to show

Answer 10

recessive trait

Question 11

the gentic makeup of an organism for a trait or traits (AA, Aa, aa)

Answer 11

genotype

Question 12

the form of the trait that shows up (taster, left handed, red hair)

Answer 12

phenotype

Question 13

both genes for the trait are the same (AA,aa)

Answer 13

purebred (homozygous)

Question 14

has one dominant and one recessive gene (Aa)

Answer 14

hybrid (heterozygous)

Question 15

an alternative form of a trait

Answer 15

allele

Question 16

heterozygote produces an intermediate phenotype

Answer 16

incomplete dominance

Question 17

traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes

Answer 17

sex-linked trait

Question 18

the process in which a diploid set of chromosomes is reduced to a haploid set in order to produce gametes

Answer 18

meiosis

Question 19

a cross where the parents differ in only one trait (AA x aa)

Answer 19

monohybrid cross

Question 20

a cross where the parents differ in 2 traits (AABB x aabb)

Answer 20

dihybrid cross

Question 21

The specific location of a gene or DNA sequence or position on a chromosome

Answer 21

gene locus (pl.loci)

Question 22

1 set of chromosomes (gamete)

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

2 sets of chromosomes (zygote)

Answer 23

diploid

Question 24

egg and sperm cell

Answer 24

gamete

Question 25

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the properties of a base

Answer 25

nitrogenous base

Question 26

a nucleic acid similar to DNA. It has only one strand and substitutes the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

Answer 26

RNA

Question 27

one strand of DNA is copied onto a strand of mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 27

transcritipion

Question 28

the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins

Answer 28

translation

Question 29

a word in the DNA code; each is 3 bases long

Answer 29

codon

Question 30

the form of RNA that mediates the transfer of genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes

Answer 30

messenger RNA

Question 31

brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins

Answer 31

transfer RNA

Question 32

a change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA

Answer 32

mutation / mutagen

Question 33

the complete set of all of the genetic information of a species

Answer 33

genome

Question 34

useful tools for studying inheritance patterns

Answer 34

pedigree

Question 35

DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms

Answer 35

recombinant DNA

Question 36

the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes

Answer 36

biotechnology

Question 37

an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases

Answer 37

restriction enzyme

Question 38

a test used to identify and evaluate the genetic info in a person's cells

Answer 38

DNA fingerprint

Question 39

has the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth

Answer 39

stem cell

Question 40

how is it possible that a person show a trait that neither of their parents show?

Answer 40

it could be a recessive trait that you inherited that wasnt expressed in your parents (heterozygous parents)

Question 41

give two examples of sex linked traits

Answer 41

color blindness | hemophilia

Question 42

name the 4 DNA bases and show which ones are paired together

Answer 42

adenine - thymine | cytosine - guanine

Question 43

give two examples of GMO (genetically modified)

Answer 43

corn, sugarcane, strawberries

Question 44

use the terms:replication, transcription, and translation to explain the processes involved in making a protein

Answer 44

DNA is copied into the process of REPLICATION. DNA is copied into mRNA in the process of TRANSCRIPTION (in nucleus). Then the mRNA is transported to the ribosomes which create protein in the process of TRANSLATION.

Question 44

How does dna control all of our physical traits

Answer 44

It carries all the info for our physical traits which are determine by proteins and dna contains the instructions for making the protein.

Question 45

Argument for and against transgenic organisms

Answer 45

Benefits crops by making them more resistant | Can create dangerous unpredictable side effects