Genetics Final

Question 1

True-breeding

Answer 1

if Plants are allowed to self pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves; making them true-breeding

Question 2

Hybrid

Answer 2

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

The chemical factors that determine traits

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

Physical characteristic

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Genetic makeup

Question 6

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 6

One allele is not completely dominant over the other “blend/mix”

Question 7

Codominance

Answer 7

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Spotted cows

Question 8

Polygenic

Answer 8

traits that are controlled by two or more genes

Question 9

Homologous

Answer 9

That each of the four chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

not sexually reproducing

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

Cells that only contain a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
(sexually reproducing)

Question 12

tetrad

Answer 12

X
(the “normal” shape of a chromosome”)
Four chromatids in one

Question 13

Transformation

Answer 13

When one strain of bacteria had apparently been changed into another
DNA is the transforming factor

Question 14

Bacteriophage

Answer 14

The one kind of virus that infects and kills bacteria

Question 15

Nucleotides

Answer 15

Make up DNA

Question 16

Nucleotides are made of

Answer 16

a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

nitrogenous bases

Answer 17

A G T C

Question 18

A and G are in the group

Answer 18

purines

Question 19

C and T

Answer 19

in pyrimidines

Question 20

purines

Answer 20

one ring in their structures

larger

Question 21

Pyrimidines

Answer 21

two rings

Question 22

Back bone of DNA chain

Answer 22

Sugar and phosphate groups

Question 23

Chargaff’s Rules

Answer 23

A with T

G with C

Question 24

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 24

X-ray diffraction

structure

Question 25

Eukaryotic

Answer 25

Humans etc

Question 26

Replication

Answer 26

Befor a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process

Question 27

mRNA

Answer 27

RNA molecules that carry instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins

Question 28

rRNA

Answer 28

proteins are assembled on ribosomes

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

Being part of the nucleic sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA

Question 31

Transcription requires

Answer 31

RNA polymerase

Question 32

Introns

Answer 32

The large pieces of RNA molecules that are removed before it can become functional

Question 33

Extrons

Answer 33

the remaining pieces

Question 34

Codon

Answer 34

each 3letter "word" of DNA and RNA

Question 35

Translation

Answer 35

Decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein)

Question 36

Hox genes

Answer 36

Control the organs and tissues that develop in various parts of the embryo

Question 37

Selective breeding

Answer 37

Allowing only those animals with the desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Question 38

Hybridization

Answer 38

Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

Question 39

mutations are the

Answer 39

Ultimate source of genetic variability

Question 40

Polyploid

Answer 40

Plants with double or triple the normal number of chromosomes

Question 41

DNA replication

Answer 41

copying DNA

Question 42

autosomal

Answer 42

not sex chromosome

Question 43

Recombinant

Answer 43

combining of two genes from different organisms

Question 44

Transformation (plasmids)

Answer 44

Throw a bunch of plasmid at bacteria hope it takes it in

Question 45

What bond are nucleotides joined by

Answer 45

phosphodiester

Question 46

What enzyme is unzipping done

Answer 46

Helicase

Question 47

What proteins coming to keep the DNA from reforming it's double helix

Answer 47

Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs)

Question 48

What is used to connect free bases in the nuclear us to the exposed bases

Answer 48

DNA polymerase | 5' to 3'

Question 49

DNA polymerase 3

Answer 49

builds dna

Question 50

DNA polymerase 1

Answer 50

Removes primers and inserts DNA into that gap | also repairs DNA

Question 51

DNA ligase

Answer 51

Forms the phosphodiester bonds between the unattached nucleotides

Question 52

Steps of protein synthesis

Answer 52

1. Unzip DNA 2. Make messenger RNA (mRNA) 3. mRNA goes to ribosomes

Question 53

Peiotropy

Answer 53

The inheritance pattern of usually getting genes that are near each other

Question 54

What is the only known sex chromosomes monosomy in humans

Answer 54

Turner Syndrome

Question 55

Transformation refers to

Answer 55

The transporting of a human gene into a bacterial cell