Genetics - Mendel

Question 1

Who was Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

Austrian Munk, Gardener, and Mathematician ; from the late 1800s

Question 2

What did Mendel do

Answer 2

Mendel created over 20,000 crosses between Sweet Pea plants and took meticulous data on 7 traits over multiple generations.

Question 3

What did Mendel discover

Answer 3

Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance

Question 4

What was Mendel’s work not recognized as important at the time it was published.

Answer 4

There were no microscopes powerful enough to see meiosis, which would prove Mendel’s work

Question 5

Allele definition

Answer 5

An alternative form of a gene, “factors”

Question 6

Dominant definition

Answer 6

Allele choice that is always expressed

Question 7

Recessive definition

Answer 7

Allele choice that is hidden unless both choices are recessive (takes two recessive alleles to show)

Question 8

Homozygous definition

Answer 8

Same allele in a fertilized egg (zygote)(SAME)

Question 9

Heterozygous definition

Answer 9

Different allele choices in a fertilized egg (zygote)

Question 10

Genotype definition

Answer 10

Genes contain alleles that describe the information on the chromosomes

Question 11

Phenotype definition

Answer 11

The physical characteristics of an organism (this is what Mendel was calculating)

Question 12

What is a punnett square

Answer 12

A genetic diagram that allows us yo calculate the probability of traits

Question 13

What was Mendel’s parental generation of Sweet Pea Plants

Answer 13

Purple flowers (TT) and White flowers (tt)

Question 14

What was Mendel’s second generation

Answer 14

All Purple flowers (All Tt)

Question 15

What was Mendel’s third generation

Answer 15

3:1, 3 Purple, 1 White
Genotype = TT, Tt and Tt, tt

Question 16

What are the three laws made by Mendel

Answer 16

Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent Assortment

Question 17

What is the Law of Dominance

Answer 17

States that if you possess a dominant “factor” allele it will be expressed in the organism

Question 18

What is the Law of Segregation

Answer 18

Parents possess two copies of an allele but give only one to the offspring

Question 19

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 19

Traits are not linked, they assort independently of each other

Question 20

What are the three possible patterns for a Monohybrid cross

Answer 20

Homo Dom x Homo Rec
Hetero x Hetero
Hetero x Homo

Question 21

What is the genotype and phenotype of Homo Dom x Homo Rec cross

Answer 21

Genotype: 100% Hetero
Phenotype: 100% Dom Trait

Question 22

What is the genotype and phenotype of Hetero x Hetero cross

Answer 22

Genotype: 1:2:1 TT, Tt, Tt, and tt
Phenotype: 3:1 Dom to Rec

Question 23

What is the genotype and phenotype of Hetero x Homo Dom cross

Answer 23

Genotype: 50% TT, TT, Tt, Tt
Phenotype: 100% All Dom Trait

Question 24

What is the genotype and phenotype of Hetero x Homo Rec cross

Answer 24

Genotype: 50% Tt, Tt, tt, tt
Phenotype: 50% (Dom 50%, Rec 50%)