Genetics, Population, Evolution And Ecosystems

Question 1

Define genotype

Answer 1

Genetic makeup of an organism and all alleles an indivudal possesses

Question 2

Define phenotype

Answer 2

Outward charecteristics expressed in an organism based on the genotype and environment

Question 3

What is a dominant allele

Answer 3

Always expressed in the phenotype

Question 4

What is a recessive allele

Answer 4

Only expressed in the phenotype when the dominant allele is absent

Question 5

What are homozygous Chromosomes

Answer 5

Identical alleles of the same gene

Question 6

What are heterozygous Chromosomes

Answer 6

Two different alles of the same genes

Question 7

What is monohybrid cross

Answer 7

Genetic inheritance cross of charectersitics determined by one gene

Question 8

Whar is dihybrid cross

Answer 8

Genetic inheritance cross for a charecterstic determined by two genes

Question 9

Who investigated Dihybrid inheritance using what

Answer 9

Mendel peas

Question 10

In genetic crosses, what must you to show

Answer 10

Parental phenotype
Parental genotype
Possible gametes
Offspring genotype
Offspring phenotype
Proportion of each phenotype

Question 11

Dihybrid inheritance Samsung notes

Answer 11

Why are we doing a2 content rn

Question 12

What are the 2 types of offspring during dihybrid inheritance

Answer 12

F1 offspring
F2 offspring

Question 13

What are autososomes
What is the 23rd pair

Answer 13

First 22 pairs of Chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes

Question 15

Define codominant

Answer 15

Both alleles are actually dominant and are expressed in the phenotype

Question 16

What two effects does codoninance have on phenotype

Answer 16

Sometimes you can get a blend of two charecteristics
In some organisms both charecteristics occur in the phenotype

Question 18

What are multiple alleles

Answer 18

When there are more than 2 alleles for the same gene in a population

Question 19

How many alleles can be inherited in a diploid organism

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What does the number of phenotypes depend on

Answer 20

Whether alleles are dominant, recessive or codominant

Question 21

Is Blood type O allele dominant or recessive

Answer 21

Recessive

Question 22

What does blood type refer to

Answer 22

Antigens present on the cell surface of red blood cells

Question 23

During blood transfusion, its important to avoid brining together corresponding antigens and antibodies WHY

Answer 23

To prevent agglutination

Question 25

What blood group is the universal recipient

Answer 25

AB

Question 26

What blood group is the universal donor

Answer 26

O

Question 27

Why is AB the universal recipient

Answer 27

It has no antibodies in the plasma so they don't bind to antigens in donors red blood cells so no agglutination occurs

Question 28

Why is O the universal donor

Answer 28

It has no antigens on its red blood cells so antibodies can't bind to antigens so no agglutination occurs

Question 29

Multiple Samsung notes

Answer 29

Yayaaaaa

Question 31

What is a sex linkage inheritance

Answer 31

The allele is only found on the X chromosome but not on the y chromsome

Question 33

Is Rh+ or Rh- dominant

Answer 33

Rh+

Question 34

What Chromosomes do Females have

Answer 34

XX

Question 35

What Chromosomes do Males have

Answer 35

XY

Question 37

What is autosomal linkage

Answer 37

Alleles for each gene linked on the same chromsome so will be inherited together

Question 39

Is there crossing over and independent assortment in dihybrid or autosomal linkage

Answer 39

Dihybrid

Question 40

Are charecteristics controlled by recessive alleles on the X chromsomee more common in Males or females

Answer 40

Males because the characteristics don't have a Homologous propion that could have a dominant allele to save them from it

Question 42

What is epistasis

Answer 42

Allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another allele in the phenotype

Question 44

What is recessive epistasis

Answer 44

When the presence of two recessive alleles at the first locus prevent the expression of the allele at the second locus

Question 45

What is dominant epistasis

Answer 45

Occurs when having atleast one allele of the gene at the first pocus will block the expression of the gene at the second locus

Question 46

What type of inheritance has the ratio 9:3:3:1

Answer 46

Dihybrid

Question 47

What type of inheritance has the ratio 9:4:3

Answer 47

Recessive Epistasis