Genetics Test

Question 1

Character

Answer 1

A heritable trait (ex. color, shape)

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Specific form of a character (red wings, round seed)

Question 3

True-Breeding

Answer 3

Both alleles are the same (Homozygous)

Question 4

Monohybrid-Cross

Answer 4

Cross of two organisms that are heterozygous for one character (Ex. Aa and Aa)

Question 5

Dihybrid-cross

Answer 5

Organisms are heterozygous for both of two characters (Ex. RrYy and RrYy)

Question 6

Pedigree

Answer 6

Displays occurrence of heritable traits throughout generations of a family

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Physical Characteristic (Black Hair)

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Letter based definition (Bb)

Question 9

Gamete

Answer 9

Individual letter which represents a dominant or recessive trait (B and b)

Question 10

Autosomes

Answer 10

Non sex-chromosomes (22 of the 23 chromosomes inherited from one parent)

Question 11

Sex-chromosomes

Answer 11

Determine sex (X and Y)

Question 12

Haploid

Answer 12

One set of chromosomes (sperm and egg are haploid)

Question 13

Diploid

Answer 13

Two sets of chromosomes, one from each parents

Question 14

Testcross

Answer 14

Breeds an organism with an unknown genotype with an organism that is homozygous recessive, and allows the unknown genotype to be discovered

Question 15

Gene Locus

Answer 15

Location of an allele on a chromosome

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

A variation of a gene

Question 17

Crossing Over & Independent Assortment

Answer 17

Creates genetic variety
(Crossing Over - Prophase 1 / Independent Assortment - Metaphase 1)

Question 18

Aneuploidy

Answer 18

An abnormal numbers of chromosomes within a cell

Question 19

Non-Disjunction (be able to draw)

Answer 19

When homologous chromosomes don’t separate (occurs during transition from metaphase 1/2 to anaphase 1/2)

Question 20

Mendel

Answer 20

Father of Classical Genetics, conducted pea plant and flower experiments. Mixed true breeding purple with true breeding white flowers. F1 were all purple, F2 were 75% purple and 25% white. Discovered dominant and recessive traits.

Question 21

Mendel’s First Law
Law of Segregation

Answer 21

Even when a trait is not visible in one generation , it could still be present within another generation. Each parent contributes one allele and that alleles separate during gamete production. Allele separation occurs in Anaphase 1

Question 22

Mendel’s Second Law
Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 22

After his dihybrid crossing, he observed that Alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independently of each other

Question 23

Codominance

Answer 23

When two alleles are equal, results in both being equally displayed (A and B blood type is codominant to O type)

Question 24

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 24

Both alleles are partially expressed

Question 25

Sex-Linked traits

Answer 25

Characteristic that are inherited alongside sex-chromosomes.