Genetics Test Revision

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

In a diploid cell there are how many pairs of sex chromosomes?

Answer 2

One

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Question 4

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 4

A double helix.

Question 5

What is a chromosome?

Answer 5

Threads of a DNA molecule wrapped in a protein coat.

Question 6

Are all genes expressed at birth?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Can the environment affect if genes are expressed?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

How many chromosomes and chromosome pairs in human cells?

Answer 8

46 chromosomes, 23 chromosome pairs

Question 9

How much genetic material is from each parent?

Answer 9

50% from each

Question 10

Order these largest to smallest, Cells, Chromosomes, Nucleus, DNA, Genes

Answer 10

Cells, Nucleus, Chromosomes, DNA, Genes

Question 11

Germ cell

Answer 11

A parent cell that undergoes meiosis

Question 12

Cellular proliferation

Answer 12

The growth and repair of cells

Question 13

Where do gender determinate chromosomes come from?

Answer 13

Sperm

Question 14

What role do proteins play in the body?

Answer 14

Proteins have structural or functional roles.

Question 15

What are the two main types of cell division?

Answer 15

Mitosis and Meoisis

Question 16

Similarities between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 16

For both types every chromosome needs to be copied to then put one new copy in each of the new cells created. They both go through similar cycles of PMAT and both start with parent cells.

Question 17

What is mitosis?

Answer 17

Cell division producing two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

Question 18

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 18

Mitosis - daughter cells are diploid and have 46 chromosomes, meiosis - daughter cells are haploid and have 23 chromosomes. Mitosis 2 identical daughter cells are formed. Meoisis 4 different daughter cells are formed. Mitosis is for cell growth and repair. Meoisis produces unique sex cells for genetic diversity.

Question 19

Different cell types for Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 19

Mitosis produces somatic cells (diploid) and Meiosis produces sex cells (haploid)

Question 20

What is meiosis?

Answer 20

Meiosis is cell division that produces gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 21

What is a gamete?

Answer 21

Sperm/egg.

Question 22

What does Simple Inheritance mean?

Answer 22

When the appearance or absence of a trait is controlled by a single gene.

Question 23

What is genetic code?

Answer 23

The sequence of bases in a gene providing instructions for the production of RNA molecules.

Question 24

What are RNA molecules made from?

Answer 24

The complimentary bases of the gene.

Question 25

What are ribosomes and what do they do?

Answer 25

Ribosomes are the organelle that make proteins. It reads 3 bases at a time (a codon).

Question 26

What is a permutation?

Answer 26

An ordered group of objects.

Question 27

Permutation Formula

Answer 27

Permutation=Number of Letters to the power of the number of positions

Question 28

What are alleles?

Answer 28

Different versions of the same gene. Part of homologous chromosome, I get one from mum, one from dad.

Question 29

What is a Homologous pair?

Answer 29

A pair of chromosomes that are similar by shape and organisation

Question 30

What is a mutation?

Answer 30

A small change in a gene that is passed down to the next generation.

Question 31

What are the types of mutation?

Answer 31

Point Mutation, Deletion Mutation, Insertion Mutation.

Question 32

What is Point Mutation?

Answer 32

One base is incorrectly copied.

Question 33

What is Deletion Mutation?

Answer 33

Rest of the sequence is correct, but one was deleted.

Question 34

What is Insertion Mutation?

Answer 34

An extra base is inserted into the sequence.

Question 35

What has to happen for recessive genes to occur in offspring?

Answer 35

Both parents must be carriers of the recessive gene.

Question 36

What are the phases in the cell cycle?

Answer 36

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 37

What happens in interphase?

Answer 37

DNA is in loose strands and the cell replicates its DNA.

Question 38

What happens in prophase?

Answer 38

The nuclear membrane begins to break down and the chromosomes condense.

Question 39

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 39

The chromosomes line up in the cell's equator.

Question 40

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 40

The chromatids separate and pulled towards opposite poles by the spindle fibers.

Question 41

What happens in telophase?

Answer 41

Two nuclei form, each with their own identical set of DNA.

Question 42

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 42

The physical process where the cytoplasms separate completely forming two distinct cells.

Question 43

Germ cell/parent cell are the only cells that can...

Answer 43

Undergo both mitosis and meiosis

Question 44

What is a Genotype?

Answer 44

The combination of genes.

Question 45

What is a Phenotype?

Answer 45

The physical characteristics of genes.

Question 46

Homozygous vs Heterozygous.

Answer 46

Homozygous is where you have two gene types that are the same, whereas heterozygous is where one gene type is different to the other.

Question 47

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 47

A set of genes an organism carries. Phenotype is observable characteristics caused by genes.

Question 48

What is sex linked inheritance?

Answer 48

Sex linked inheritance refers to how genes for traits are found on a sex chromosome, making genetic traits be inherited differently for women and men.

Question 49

What is crossing over?

Answer 49

This occurs in prophase I, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of their genetic material.

Question 50

What is a karyotype?

Answer 50

An image of someones complete set of chromosomes.

Question 51

Telophase in Mitosis vs Telophase in Meiosis

Answer 51

Telophase in mitosis forms two genetically identical nuclei. Whereas in meiosis, two genetically different nuclei are formed because of the crossing over in prophase 1.