Genetics Vocab 2 & DNA Vocab Flashcards
Q3 (26 cards)
Homologous
Chromosomes with 1 set from each parent
Diploid
2 sets of homologous chromosomes
Haploid
1 single set of genes
Meiosis
A type of CD that creates egg & sperm cells
Tetrad
Structure containing 4 chromatids that form during meiosis
Crossing-over
Process of homologous chromosomes exchanging portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Gene Linkage
Genes located close to each other on the same chromosome
Gene Mapping
Practice of IDing precise location of a gene on a chromosome
Gamete
A sex cell
Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of genes
Punnett Square
A diagram used to predict geno/phenotypes of genetic cross
Allele
One of different forms of a gene
Transformation
Process of foreign genetic material being taken up by a cell
Bacteriophage
A type of virus that affects bacteria
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid that carries genetic info
Virus
Microscopic organisms that infect hosts
Gene Expression
The process of genetic info being turned into a function
Base Pairing
Nucleotides on opposite sides of the DNA double helix that form bonds together.
Nucleic Acid
Larger molecules that store and transmit genetic info in cells and viruses.
Helix
A 3-Dimensional spiral shape
Nucleotide
Basic building block of RNA and DNA
Replication
When a genome’s DNA is copied in cells.
DNA Polymerase
Types of enzymes that help form DNA
Telomere
A compound structure at the end of a chromosome.
