Genetics Vocab

Question 1

TRAITS

Answer 1

A feature of an organism

Question 2

Fates

Answer 2

Ultimate outcome

Question 3

Inheritance

Answer 3

Something passed down from your parents

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxbriboneucleic acid

Question 5

Double helix

Answer 5

Shape of a DNA strand

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A structure in all living cells that consists of a single strand of DNA

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

Having same amount of sets of chromosomes as germ cells or half the diploid number of somatic cells

Haploid (N)

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Two copies of genetic material. 2n

Question 9

Trisomy

Answer 9

When there are 3 copies of 1 chromosome.

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

The number and visual appearance of the chromosome

Question 11

Gene

Answer 11

Fundamental building blocks of DNA

Question 12

Homologous

Answer 12

Being similar in anatomical position but not having the same function

Question 13

Amniocentesis

Answer 13

Procedure diagnosis fetal defects in the early second trimester

Question 14

Zygote

Answer 14

Cell formed by sperm and egg. It develops into the embryo following the genetic code

Question 15

Gamete

Answer 15

Sex cells produced by each parent for reproduction.

Sperm and eggs

Question 16

Centromere

Answer 16

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules attach during cell division.

Question 17

Telomere

Answer 17

Repetitive nucleotide at each end of the chromosome

Question 18

Nitrogen bases

Answer 18

Found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, it helps form nucleosides

Question 19

Phosphoric acid

Answer 19

Found in DNA. A double helix. A building block.

Question 20

Deoxyribose

Answer 20

The sugar component in he side chains of DNA

Question 21

MRNA

Answer 21

Messenger RNA

It’s job is to determine the amino acid sequence in proteins

Question 22

tRNA

Answer 22

Transfer RNA

job to read the message of nucleic acid. This is called translation.

Question 23

Uracil

Answer 23

A base in RNA

This is instead of thymine

Question 24

Replication

Answer 24

Process of making a copy of a section of DNA

Question 25

Transcription

Answer 25

A part of mRNA is decoded to produce amino acids

Question 26

Watson and Crick

Answer 26

Discovered DNA

Question 27

Base percentages

Answer 27

A 16% T 16% C 34% G 34 %

Question 28

Nucleotide

Answer 28

Building block of DNA and RNA | Consists of one base and one sugar of phosphate acid

Question 29

Codon

Answer 29

A set of three adjacent nucleotides on one end of mRNA

Question 30

Anticodon

Answer 30

A set of three adjacent nucleotides on one end of tRNA

Question 31

Amino acids

Answer 31

A molecule consisting of the base amino

Question 32

Polypeptide

Answer 32

A chain of amino acids

Question 33

Start codon

Answer 33

The first codon of a mRNA

Question 34

Stop codon

Answer 34

A nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the termination of translation

Question 35

XX

Answer 35

Female

Question 36

XY

Answer 36

Male

Question 37

DNA code to mRNA

Answer 37

A - U T - A C - G G - C