Genetics Vocabulary

Question 1

What do chromosomes occur in?

Answer 1

Pairs

Question 2

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

How many individual chromosomes are there?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

Because chromosomes are paired, what are they?

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

How many chromosomes do you get from your mom and dad?

Answer 5

Half from each

Question 6

Where do chromosomes store genes?

Answer 6

The nucleus

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

Blueprint of a cell and chromosome

Question 8

When does the body look at the gene?

Answer 8

If they need to repair/make something

Question 9

What does a gene make?

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

What does a parent cell equal?

Answer 10

Two identical daughter cells

Question 11

What happens during asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

One cell divides into two

Question 12

What happens during budding?

Answer 12

Part of a parent cell separates and becomes new cell

Question 13

What reproduces with spores?

Answer 13

Mold and yeast

Question 14

What is a spore?

Answer 14

A reproductive cell with hard covering that sits until right condition

Question 15

What is regeneration?

Answer 15

Regrowing a cut pay part/whole organism

Question 16

What does Mitosis create?

Answer 16

Identical daughter cells

Question 17

What is the first phase of Mitosis?

Answer 17

Interphase

Question 18

What is interphase?

Answer 18

A preparation phase

Question 19

What do cells do at interphase?

Answer 19

Spend most of their time here

Question 20

What do genes do during interphase?

Answer 20

Copied and duplicated

Question 21

What is the second phase of Mitosis?

Answer 21

Prophase

Question 22

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

Answer 22

Disappears

Question 23

What forms during prophase?

Answer 23

Spindle fibers

Question 24

What do the spindle fibers do?

Answer 24

Coil and look like X’s or sister chromatids

Question 25

What is the third phase of Mitosis?

Answer 25

Metaphase

Question 26

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 26

Sister chromatids line up at the center

Question 27

What is the fourth phase of Mitosis?

Answer 27

Anaphase

Question 28

What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase?

Answer 28

Separate into two chromosomes

Question 29

What do the chromosomes do during anaphase?

Answer 29

Move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 30

What is the fifth phase of Mitosis?

Answer 30

Telophase

Question 31

Where do the chromosomes arrive during telophase?

Answer 31

Poles

Question 32

What happens to the nuclear membrane during telophase?

Answer 32

Reforms

Question 33

What is the sixth and last phase of Mitosis?

Answer 33

Cytokinesis

Question 34

What does cytokinesis complete?

Answer 34

Division

Question 35

What do each daughter cell get?

Answer 35

Their own cytoplasm/organelles

Question 36

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 36

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 37

what is DNA?

Answer 37

two strands of nucleotides forming a twisted ladder structure

Question 38

what does a nucleotide compose?

Answer 38

DNA

Question 39

what is a nucleotide made of?

Answer 39

sugar, phosphate, and a base

Question 40

what are the four bases?

Answer 40

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 41

what does adenine link to?

Answer 41

thymine

Question 42

what does guanine link to?

Answer 42

cytosine

Question 43

what is DNA replication?

Answer 43

one DNA molecule makes two

Question 44

what happens during interphase with DNA?

Answer 44

copies the chromosomes

Question 45

what does RNA stand for?

Answer 45

ribonucleic acid

Question 46

what is RNA similar to?

Answer 46

DNA

Question 47

what is RNA?

Answer 47

a single strand of nucleotides

Question 48

what does RNA help make?

Answer 48

proteins

Question 49

what is RNA formed from?

Answer 49

DNA

Question 50

what does mRNA stand for?

Answer 50

messenger RNA

Question 51

what does mRNA contain?

Answer 51

a copy of DNA's coded "message" for making proteins

Question 52

what does tRNA stand for?

Answer 52

transfer RNA

Question 53

what does tRNA decipher?

Answer 53

"message" in mRNA to make required proteins

Question 54

what is a ribosome?

Answer 54

an organelle where proteins are formed

Question 55

what is protein synthesis?

Answer 55

manufacture of proteins inside ribosome

Question 56

what are amino acids?

Answer 56

compounds that make up proteins

Question 57

what is a mutation?

Answer 57

a change in an organism's genetic material

Question 58

what are the three different types of mutations?

Answer 58

neutral, harmful, or lethal

Question 59

what does neutral mean?

Answer 59

no affect on the organism

Question 60

what are two mutations that are harmful?

Answer 60

albinism or sickle cell anemia

Question 61

what is one disease that is lethal?

Answer 61

sickle cell anemia