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Science 7 > Genetics Vocabulary > Flashcards

Genetics Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

What do chromosomes occur in?

A

Pairs

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2
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

A

23

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3
Q

How many individual chromosomes are there?

A

46

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4
Q

Because chromosomes are paired, what are they?

A

Diploid

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do you get from your mom and dad?

A

Half from each

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6
Q

Where do chromosomes store genes?

A

The nucleus

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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

Blueprint of a cell and chromosome

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8
Q

When does the body look at the gene?

A

If they need to repair/make something

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9
Q

What does a gene make?

A

Protein

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10
Q

What does a parent cell equal?

A

Two identical daughter cells

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11
Q

What happens during asexual reproduction?

A

One cell divides into two

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12
Q

What happens during budding?

A

Part of a parent cell separates and becomes new cell

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13
Q

What reproduces with spores?

A

Mold and yeast

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14
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive cell with hard covering that sits until right condition

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15
Q

What is regeneration?

A

Regrowing a cut pay part/whole organism

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16
Q

What does Mitosis create?

A

Identical daughter cells

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17
Q

What is the first phase of Mitosis?

A

Interphase

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18
Q

What is interphase?

A

A preparation phase

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19
Q

What do cells do at interphase?

A

Spend most of their time here

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20
Q

What do genes do during interphase?

A

Copied and duplicated

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21
Q

What is the second phase of Mitosis?

A

Prophase

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22
Q

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

A

Disappears

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23
Q

What forms during prophase?

A

Spindle fibers

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24
Q

What do the spindle fibers do?

A

Coil and look like X’s or sister chromatids

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25
Q

What is the third phase of Mitosis?

A

Metaphase

26
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Sister chromatids line up at the center

27
Q

What is the fourth phase of Mitosis?

A

Anaphase

28
Q

What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase?

A

Separate into two chromosomes

29
Q

What do the chromosomes do during anaphase?

A

Move to opposite ends of the cell

30
Q

What is the fifth phase of Mitosis?

A

Telophase

31
Q

Where do the chromosomes arrive during telophase?

A

Poles

32
Q

What happens to the nuclear membrane during telophase?

A

Reforms

33
Q

What is the sixth and last phase of Mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

34
Q

What does cytokinesis complete?

A

Division

35
Q

What do each daughter cell get?

A

Their own cytoplasm/organelles

36
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

37
Q

what is DNA?

A

two strands of nucleotides forming a twisted ladder structure

38
Q

what does a nucleotide compose?

A

DNA

39
Q

what is a nucleotide made of?

A

sugar, phosphate, and a base

40
Q

what are the four bases?

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

41
Q

what does adenine link to?

A

thymine

42
Q

what does guanine link to?

A

cytosine

43
Q

what is DNA replication?

A

one DNA molecule makes two

44
Q

what happens during interphase with DNA?

A

copies the chromosomes

45
Q

what does RNA stand for?

A

ribonucleic acid

46
Q

what is RNA similar to?

A

DNA

47
Q

what is RNA?

A

a single strand of nucleotides

48
Q

what does RNA help make?

A

proteins

49
Q

what is RNA formed from?

A

DNA

50
Q

what does mRNA stand for?

A

messenger RNA

51
Q

what does mRNA contain?

A

a copy of DNA’s coded “message” for making proteins

52
Q

what does tRNA stand for?

A

transfer RNA

53
Q

what does tRNA decipher?

A

“message” in mRNA to make required proteins

54
Q

what is a ribosome?

A

an organelle where proteins are formed

55
Q

what is protein synthesis?

A

manufacture of proteins inside ribosome

56
Q

what are amino acids?

A

compounds that make up proteins

57
Q

what is a mutation?

A

a change in an organism’s genetic material

58
Q

what are the three different types of mutations?

A

neutral, harmful, or lethal

59
Q

what does neutral mean?

A

no affect on the organism

60
Q

what are two mutations that are harmful?

A

albinism or sickle cell anemia

61
Q

what is one disease that is lethal?

A

sickle cell anemia

Science 7 (3 decks)

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