Genetics X Environment Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a phenotype?
Organism’s observable characteristics
What is a genotype?
Organism’s genetic information inherited from parents’ genes. It influences phenotype
What are alleles?
A different form of the gene at the same on the chromosome, one inherited by the mother and one form the father.
How is development expressed?
It is polygenetic with the environment.
What is the difference between a homozygous gene expression and a heterozygous gene expression?
The difference between a homozygous gene expression and a heterozygous gene expression is that a heterozygous gene expression is immediately an expression of dominant phenotype whereas a homozygous gene expression is either two dominant alleles phenotypes or two recessive alleles phenotypes.
What are the different genetic codes in broad terms? (AXX)
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
X-linked Recessive Inheritance
X-linked Dominant Inheritance
What is Autosomal Recessive Inheritance?
It’s an expression anywhere on the 22st pairs of chromosome and it’s a recessive expression of phenotypes.
What is X-linked Recessive Inheritance?
Carry the gene of the X chromosome, boys and girls can be affected
What is X-linked Dominant Inheritance?
Also carry the gene of the X chromosome, if girl then you automatically have it but boys can be spared.
Can you give an example of Autosomal Recessive Inheritance?
Autington’s disease
Can you give an example of X-linked Recessive Inheritance?
Hemophilia
Can you give an example of X-linked Dominant Inheritance?
Martin Bell syndrome/Fragile X.
What is Incomplete dominance?
It is a pattern of inheritance in which 2 alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait or one that is intermediate between 2 alleles.
What is the syndrome that happens on the 21st pair of chromosome?
Down syndrome.
What is the syndrome that happens when there is a missing x 23rd pair of chromosome?
Turner syndrome
What is the trisomy that happens of the 23rd pair of chromosome?
Triple X syndrome
What happens to a person who carries inherited tendencies (e.g. alcoholism) according to the Diathesis-Stress model?
The person carries the inherited tendency to alcoholism is more likely to exhibit the tendency under stress as opposed of someone who doesn’t carry it. (i.e. their glass is more rapidly “full”).
How can genes and environments correlate?
There is an association between the individual’s genetic propensities and environmental niche the individual selects.
i.e. your genetic propensity triggers environmental choices.
What is Epigenetics programming?
Changes in organism linked to modification of gene expression
Can you give an example of epigenetics programming?
Mice - mother with high stress vs. mother with low stress - when you associate the offsprings of mother with high stress to the mother with low stress, the offsprings don’t exhibit anxious tendencies
