Genitals!!!!

Question 1

What hormone does the hypothalamus release for females?

Answer 1

GNRH gonadotropin releaseing hormone- stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH

Question 2

What do LH and FSH do?

Answer 2

stimulates ovaries to mature an oocyte, FSH stimulates release of oocyte

Question 3

How long does an oocyte have from being released to when it dies?

Answer 3

24 hours

Question 4

Where is estrogen produced?

Answer 4

ovaries

Question 5

what releases progesterone? What purpose does it serve?

Answer 5

corpus luteum, when progesterone declines, menstration begins

Question 6

What is involved in the female genatalia health history?

Answer 6

Menarche, last menstrual period, length of periods, regularity and patterns of irregularity, Menopause, any bleeding after menopause, Any abnormal bleeding between periods or prolonged periods, Obstetrical history- gravida and para, pregnancy outcomes, Sexual orientation and preference (see previous slide on sexuality questions), Number of sexual partners, current and past, Frequency of coitus, pain discomfort, current satisfaction with sexual activity

Question 7

What are some more things involved in the female genital health history?

Answer 7

Type of contraceptives used, Vulvovaginal pain, itching or lesions, Vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, History of current or past sexual assault, and treatment, History of STI, History of pelvic pain, Last pap smear result, Any past gynecological or obstetrical surgeries, Change of bowel patterns, blood in stools, painful defecation, anal warts, fissures, hemorrhoids, When was last BM

Question 8

What is involved in the external female genetal exan?

Answer 8

1. Inspection- Identify lesions, skin tone and discoloration, discharge, Identify genital architecture or loss of architecture 2. Palpation- Palpate for pain, or lesions

Question 9

What is involved in the rectal exam?

Answer 9

Inspection for hemorrhoids, fissures, lesions, genital warts, May examine ill hospitalized patient for rectal impaction, Prostate exam requires specialized skills of NP role

Question 10

Which type of hemorrhoids is more of an immediate concern?

Answer 10

Thrombosed is more of an immediate concern as it can become incarcerated and can cause sepsis if infected. Non- thrombosed is not as immediate.

Question 11

what is assessed in male genitals

Answer 11

penis, glans, foreskin, urinary bladder, urethra, urethral meatus, scrotum, testes, epididymis, prostate(surrounds the urethra), vas deferens(carry sperm from testes to penis)

Question 12

what is GNRH

Answer 12

a male hormone; secreted from the hypothalamus - gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 13

what does GNRH do

Answer 13

stimulates pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)

Question 14

what does LH do

Answer 14

stimulates secretion of testosterone(facial hair, muscles)

Question 15

what is testosterone responsible for

Answer 15

stimulates sexual development and sexual action

Question 16

what does FSH do

Answer 16

stimulates sperm production in testes

Question 17

what function do testes serve

Answer 17

produce sperm

Question 18

what function does epididymis serve

Answer 18

stores sperm

Question 19

what function does vas deferens serve

Answer 19

transport sperm from epi to urethra

Question 20

what function does the prostate serve

Answer 20

produces seminal fluid to transport sperm

Question 21

what function does the scrotum serve

Answer 21

sack that covers testes, moblie to maintain appropriate temperature of sperm

Question 22

what function does the penis serve

Answer 22

houses urethra for urinary elimination and seminal elimination

Question 23

what functions do glans serve

Answer 23

at the end of penis; urinary meatus located here

Question 24

what function does foreskin serve

Answer 24

covers glans in uncircumcised males

Question 25

what do we need to know for male genitals health hx

Answer 25

sexual orientation (abstinent, heterosex, gay, bisex, transgender, or questioning), sexual activity or abstinence (# of current/past partners), increased or decreased freq of sexual activity, erectile response

Question 26

what do we want to ask males about genitalia

Answer 26

penile discharge or lesions, scrotal pain, hx of STD or STI, pain with urination, changes in urinary stream, caliber, difficulty initiating or ceasing urination, change in bowel habits, patterns, rectal bleeding, anal warts, or hemorrhoids, last BM

Question 27

what does inspection of the penis consist of

Answer 27

look for discharge from meatus and changes in skin color; palpation is done only in patients who are symptomatic

Question 28

what does inspeciton of the testes consist of

Answer 28

skin changes & scrotal contours; palpate testes and epididymus(compare side to side), palpate spermatic cord

Question 29

T/F a hydrocele is an abnormal finding

Answer 29

False! It is a common finding in newborns and may be found in older men; it is when the scrotum is filled with fluid and gives a swollen appearance

Question 30

what is a hypospadius

Answer 30

opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis; it is a deformity usually in newborns and peds populations

Question 31

what does inspection of hernias consist of

Answer 31

identify any abdonimal contours of inguinal region

Question 32

do we palpate for hernias

Answer 32

yes! Inspect with index finger at top scrotal sac, moving finger up to inguinal canal, palpate obliquely down along inguinal canal for bulges

Question 33

how do we detect direct/indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 33

palpate folowwing spermatic cord upward to inguinal ligament finding the slit-like external inguinal ring; ask pt to bear down, note any bulges

Question 34

what is an indirect hernia

Answer 34

often extends into scrotum, protrudes down inguinal canal; most common

Question 35

what is a direct hernia

Answer 35

rarely protrudes into scrotum, bulges anteriorly; less common