genito urinary problems pt. 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
ideal conformation of vulva
vertical
Vulval lips open and suck in air
tx?
pneumovagina
Caslick’s Procedure/Vulvoplasty
caslick index is
caslick index is 100-150. grade is 2. caslick procedure should be done. t/f
F - optional only
caslick index is < or = to 100. what is the grade?
how about CI of > or = 150? is caslick recommended? t/f
1
- yes/T
right separation of rectum and vagina
RECTOVAGINA FISTULA - hole connecting the rectum to vagina
post op for caslick/pneumovagina
complication?
antibiotics, cleaning
mating/foaling
Caslick can be removed when being mated
Multiple caslicks/operations over time = fibrous tissue
Competence is crucial
tx for retained placenta (common phenomenon)
if ignored it can be ___
prognosis?
Removal
Dilatation & Curettage of the Uterus
-Dilate with clean fluid and clean the inside
“Raspa” equivalent in humans
fatal (infexn, bleeding, inflam)
good
retained placenta: for general uterine cleaning
post op tx: (APOF)
D & C (Dilation and Curettage)
Antibiotics
Progesterone
-lutalyse
Oxytocin
fluids/ supplement
flush retained placenta with:
NSS with betadine, sterile water with betadine, sterile salt (1.5 L sterilized container)
type of placenta in mares
Diffuse placenta
Reddish and sticky uterus
dystocia in equids is not always an emergency. t/f
labor stages: (3 stages)
ideal conformation of foals:
f - ALWAYS
1st: foal rotates
2nd : foal born
3rd - f. Membrane expulsion
limbs extended forward (dinemonstrate ni doc)
twinning is rare in horses but has a good overall prognosis. t/f
f - poor prog
2 aims of equine parturition
- unassisted foaling
- deliver foal with minimal trauma (dystocia)
factors in dystocia in mares (AFM)
Abnormal fetal position
Fetal defects
- Oversize
- Malformation
Maternal factors
-Uterine inertia
-Disease/defect
Abnormal position in foals
Carpal flex
Shoulder flex
Ventral transverse
Ventral retroflexion
Posterior Presentation
in manual dystocia tx, what are the 3 ways you should do?
Disinfect
Lubricate
Manipulate
chemical (dystocia tx) help is done when manual does not work. what are the 3 ways?
↑ Contractions
Dose:
20 IU IM (contraction alone)
40-60 IU IM - para magfoal
(should start foaling)
100 IU IM (last chance para malabas)
Fluids
Calcium-for muscle contraction
IV line inserted in both jugular veins with high/full flow drip with electrolytes and Ca+
in surgical tx what are the three ways?
Anesthetize
Lift
Reposition
Chorioallantois (covering of foal) did not break properly → bleed around amniotic sac around uterus → suffocation from fluid with blood / pressing on the foal → other conditions: internal bleeding, inflammation → immediate foaling dapat (CS)
-Worst forms of dystocia
Red Vulva / Red Band Dystocia
what to do if the dystocia has no impvt?
mare is more impt than the foal. t/f?
Caesarean section
* Facility & staff available
* Full Anesthesia
* Complex* Operation
t
testicular problem tx + problems
general injury tx:
Balanoposthitis tx:
castration
-Torsion
-Cryptorchid
Tx: Clean,
disinfect, stitch,
medicate,
educate
anti-inflamm
what are the 3S? (treatment regimen)
Symptomatic
Specific
Supportive
most common cause of poor fertility
Causes: hormonal, bad nutrition, conformation etc.
what is the most common cause of the ans above?
endometritis
pneumovagina
