Genitourinary 2a Flashcards
(29 cards)
How would you treat prostate cancer?
Localised - radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy, hormone therapy or observation
Metastatic - surgical castration and radiotherapy
What is pyelonephritis?
infection of renal parenchyma and soft tissues of renal pelvis/upper ureter
What are the symptoms of syphillis?
Primary - single painless chancre
Secondary - skin rash
Tertiary - lymphadenopathy, alopecia, bone pain, deafness, meningitis
What is schistosomiasis and its significance?
parasite that enters through skin and caused chronic inflammation of urinary tract and leads to squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
- causes 50% of all bladder cancers
How common is sepsis in the UK?
100,000/year
37,000 deaths
How would you test for suspected prostate cancer?
DRE PSA IPPS test urine test TRUSS prostate biopsy grading
What are the main types of UTIs and how do you test for them?
cystitis urethritis pyelonephritis prostatis epididymo-orchitis
How does the epidemiology of chlamydia and gonnorhea compare?
chlamydia is more common, peak at 20
gonorrhoea is more common in men, peak at 25 years
What is the treatment of bladder cancer?
TURBT - to grade
non-invasive - resection +/- chemo
invasive - cystectomy +/- urethrectomy +/- chemo or radical radiotherapy
How do you treat sepsis?
sepsis 6
BUFALO
What is the difference in treating acute and chronic prostatis?
acute - quinolone (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin)
chronic - quinolone, alpha blocker, NSAID
What are some symptoms of cystitis?
dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, haematuria, cloudy urine, fever
What are kidney stones commonly made from?
calcium oxalate
What is the main symptom of bladder cancer and some risk factors?
haematuria
RF - smoking, exposure to carcinogens, being older, being male
What are the stages of CKD?
GFR 1 - >90 2 - 60-89 3A - 45-59 3B - 30-44 4 - 15-29 5 - <15
How do you treat testicular cancer?
radical orchiectomy
radio
chemo
How do you test for chlamydia?
NAAT - nucleic acid amplification tests
What is the treatment of chlamydia, gonnorhea and syphilis?
chlamydia - azithromycin (once), doxycyclin, ethromycin
gonorrhea - ceftriaxone
syphilis - penicillin
How do you treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?
watchful waiting when minimal symptoms
lifestyle modification
drugs - alpha blocker (e.g. tamulosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (e.g. finesteride)
surgery - prostatectomy, TURP
What is SIRS?
severe inflammatory response syndrome 2 of: temp (>38 or <36) HR >90 RR>20 pCO2 <4.3 WCC >12,000 or <4,000
How do you treat nephrotic syndrome?
treat underlying cause
reduce oedema - loop diuretics
reduce proteinuria - ACE-i
What are the antibiotics you would use to treat urethritis?
azithromycin
doxycline
erythromycin
What is the difference between sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock?
sepsis: 2 SIRS and infection
severe sepsis: sepsis & end organ damage, hypotension or lactate > 2mmol
septic shock: severe sepsis & persistant hypotension
What are the two main causes of epididymo-orchitis and how do you treat them?
<35 years - STI most commonly cause
treat with ciprofloxacin
.35 years - most commonly UTI
treat with doxycycline +/- azithromycin
