Genitourinary/Reproductive Flashcards
(27 cards)
What should be assessed for the female reproductive system?
History, menstrual and obstetric. Self-exams? Meds, sexually active, problems, symptoms, discharge, pain, ADLs, culture
Incidence of this in young women is increasing. Can cause abnormal cervical cells which lead to cancer.
Human papilloma virus (HPV).
Lesions found in vagina, anus, skin.
Prevention
What are examples of female diagnostic studies?
Papanicolaou (PAP) smear, laparoscope, hysterosalpingography, ultrasonography, mammography
What should be avoided before a Pap smear?
Douching, intercourse, vaginal creams, during menstrual cycle
What can cause vaginal fistulas? s/s?
Damage from surgery, vaginal delivery, radiation, IBS, cancer.
Depends on the area of the fistula. Fecal/urinary drainage via vagina.
s/s of pelvic organ prolapse cystocele/bladder?
Pelvic pressure, urinary incontinence, frequency, urgency, dyspareunia
s/s of pelvic organ prolapse rectocele/rectum?
Rectal pressure, constipation, uncontrollable gas, fetal incontinence, dyspareunia
s/s of pelvic organ prolapse uterine?
Pressure, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, dyspareunia
Pre-op and post-op hysterectomy?
Pre-op: Avoid blood thinners, pregnancy test, prophylactic antibiotic, body image/anxiety
Post-op: Prevent infection, assess for hemorrhage, DVT, assess bladder function, pain management, constipation, hormone therapy
What are anterior and posterior colporrhaphy surgeries for? Post-op?
Anterior is for a prolapsed bladder, while posterior is for a prolapsed rectum
Post-op: prevent infection, decrease pressure to the incision, avoid lifting
What are organic causes of erectile dysfunction?
Cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, kidney failure, GU disorders, hematologic conditions, neurologic disorders, trauma, alcohol/smoking/drug use, medications
What is asked when assessing for ED?
Sexual and medical history, physical exam, meds, alcohol, drugs, labs, blood flow study, psychological evaluation
Psychogenic causes of erectile dysfunction?
Fatigue, depression, pressure, body image, trust, decreased desire
S/s of testicular torsion and treatment?
Sudden pain in testicle, nausea, lightheadedness, swelling of scrotum
Treatment is surgery
bacterial infection of kidney
usually begins in lower urinary tract & moves upward
acute or chronic
pyelonephritis
Use antibiotics, analgesics, hydration, and possible surgery
s/s of acute pyelonephritis?
nausea/vomiting, fever/chills, malaise/fatigue, pain, leukocytosis, WBC in urine: pyuria, pus in the urine
tachycardia/tachypnea, nocturia, burning/urgency/frequency
Diagnostic tests for pyelonephritis?
Radiologic studies Ultrasound Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) Kidney Ureter Bladder (KUB) Cystoscopy Urine cultures
Complications of pyelonephritis?
Permanent kidney damage, chronic kidney disease and failure, hypertension, sepsis
Nursing care for pyelonephritis?
Patient education Pain management Voiding schedule Daily weights Force fluids to 3-4L/day if not contraindicated Strict I&O Vitals Q4h & PRN Antibtiotics
Why is the patient taking phenazopyridine (pyridium)? Implications?
Urinary tract analgesic, non-opioid.
Stains urine orange. Drink 3-4L a day. Evaluate BUN/creatinine.
Worry about renal and hepatic toxicity
Nitrofurantoin?
Urinary tract antibiotic. Monitor urinalysis and creatinine. May cause brown urine. Drink 3-4L a day. Worry about hepatotoxicity and CDT diarrhea
ciprofloxacin?
Antibiotic for UTI. Can be used for a wide variety of infections, given PO or IV. Avoid in kids under 18. Photosensitivity. Worry about dizziness, confusion, seizures, severe sunburn, C diff
What can cause renal calculi?
Anything that causes an increase of calcium in the urine, including dehydration, urinary retention and stasis, infections, genetics, kidney disorders
What are s/s of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis? Interventions?
Asymptomatic, severe pain (renal colic), pallor, diaphoresis, fever, chills, urinary frequency, possible hydroephrosis
Strain urine, cranberry juice, thiazides diuretics, the usual
