genome projects

Question 1

define genome

Answer 1

complete map of all the genetic material in an organism

Question 2

what is bioinformatics

Answer 2

science of collecting and analysing complex biological data (e.g: genetic codes)

uses computers to read, store, organise biological data at a faster rate. uses algorithms to analyse and interpret biological data

Question 3

what does WGS stand for

Answer 3

Whole - Genome Shotgun

Question 4

what happens during the process of WGS

Answer 4

researchers cut DNA into small easily sequenced fragments and using computer algorithms align overlapping segments to assemble the entire genome

Question 5

what do SNPs stand for

Answer 5

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Question 6

how many SNP’s do humans have

Answer 6

1.4 million

Question 7

define SNP

Answer 7

single base variations in the genome that are associated with a disease and other disorders

medical screening has allowed quick identification of medical problems and early intervention to treat them

Question 8

define proteome

Answer 8

all the proteins produced by a cell

these proteins are only produced when a gene is switched on

(all the proteins produced by any given cell or organism at any given time under specific conditions)

Question 9

give 2 reasons why determining the genome of prokaryotic organisms is relatively easy

Answer 9

• most prokaryotes have one circular piece of DNA
  (not associated with histones)
• no introns

Question 10

what are prokaryotes used to do in the human genome

Answer 10

to identify antigens so vaccines can be developed

Question 11

why is it hard to determine human genome

Answer 11

• DNA has introns
• DNA is different for everyone
• hard to translate knowledge of genome into proteome