Genomes

Question 1

How do genomes determine phenotype?

Answer 1

Genotype, environment, life history and epigenetics

Question 2

What is codon bias?

Answer 2

Organisms that prefer some codons over others

Question 3

How is genetic code degenerate?

Answer 3

There are 64 possible codons and only 20aas

Question 4

What are exons?

Answer 4

Expressed regions of a gene (mainly around 200bp in size)

Question 5

What control is transcription of a gene under?

Answer 5

1) Cis-regulatory elements proximal to a gene
2) These elements could be anywhere in genome

Question 6

Why does a genome not perfectly map onto a proteome?

Answer 6

1) Alternative splicing
2) RNA editing - bases of mRNA code modified

Question 7

What is an open reading frame (ORF)?

Answer 7

1) Starts with an initiation codon (ATG) and ends with a stop codon
2) Starting translation with A, T or G in top strand in 5’-3’ direction or C, A or T in the bottom strand in 5’-3’ direction

Question 8

What are the 3 STOP codons?

Answer 8

1) taa
2) tag
3) tga

Question 9

How large is the male nuclear diploid genome?

Answer 9

6.27 gigabase pairs (Gbp)
205cm long
6.41 picograms

Question 10

How large is the female nuclear diploid genome?

Answer 10

6.37 Gbp
208.23cm
6.51pg