Genomes, chromosomes, and genes Flashcards
1
Q
Genome
A
- Sum of all DNA in organism
- organized into packets called chromosomes
- Coding and Non coding regions
2
Q
Chromosome structure
A
- DNA helix is wrapped tightly around histones (proteins)
- Compacted into chromatids (left and right side of chromosome)
3
Q
Chromosome features
A
Banding patterns
Position of centromere (center)
Presence of satellites
Length of chromatids
Arms (petite on top = p, long on bottom= q)
telomere: end region
4
Q
Coding regions
A
- Have specific sequences of FNA that codes for proteins or RNA
5
Q
Non-Coding regions
A
- Pseudogenes: genes never expressed due to mutations
- Transposons (transposable elements): move around the gene by cutting and pasting
- Endogenous RetroViruses (ERV) are extinct but stuck in our genome
6
Q
Intron
A
Removed from genome
7
Q
Exon
A
Kept in genome
8
Q
Promoter
A
Place where cell machinery gathers to start building RNA
9
Q
Switch
A
controls when, where, and how much RNA is made
10
Q
Start codon
A
bases A, T, and G (AUG on rna) tells ribosome where to start reading
11
Q
Protein coding region
A
Nucleoties in order of specific AAs that code proteins
12
Q
Intron
A
cut out when wxons are pasted together
13
Q
Exons
A
Put together to form mRNA.
14
Q
Stop codon
A
UAA, UAG, UGA tell ribosome where coding region ends
