Genus and Species Descriptions

Question 1

Acer saccharum

Answer 1

orange fall color, surface feeding, has poor heat tolerance, high oxygen demanding so requires well-drained sols. It is a climax species. Almost most common tree in NY.
Affected by Asian Longhorn Beetle, verticillium wilt and decline.

Question 2

Acer platanoides

Answer 2

yellow fall color, surface roots, low branching, grass killing, wide open samaras and ridge and furrow bark. Invasive species.
Affected by Tar Spot disease and verticillium wilt
Crimson King cultivar-seedlings of cultivar are called Acer platanoides rubrum

Question 3

Acer rubrum

Answer 3

Red/yellow fall color, named for red flowers, has a slight breakage problem (grows fast), yellows with high pH and dry soils, provenance issues, true pioneer

Question 4

Acer sacharinum

Answer 4

Yellow fall color, invasive high roots, prefers wet sites, shallow poor soils, weakwooded, true pioneer
Affected by many different pests and verticillium wilt

Question 5

Acer negundo

Answer 5

(aka Manitoba/Ashleaf Maple) adaptive, good hot dry areas and cold winter, dioecious, true pioneer

Question 6

Castanea dentata

Answer 6

(American Chestnut), 1906 blight killed most throughout US within a decade, one of best building timbers ever known.

Question 7

Fagus grandifolia

Answer 7

poorest transplant success

Question 8

Fagus sylvatica

Answer 8

preferred landscape plant

varieties: atropunicea/atropurpurea (purple leaved), pendula (weeping/drooping), fastigiata (grows straight up)

Question 9

Robinia pseudoacacia

Answer 9

Leguminaceae/Fabaceae, weedy, likes extremely dry soils, can be invasive, wood doesnt rot
Affected by leaf miner and mimosa webworm, true pioneer

Question 10

Sophora japonica

Answer 10

Leguminaceae/Fabaceae, weak branching, last tree to flower *(Styphnolobium)

Question 11

Salix

Answer 11

Salicaceae, weak wood, invasive, wt site tolerant, (babylonica most commonly sold-hardy up to Maryland), pioneer

Question 12

Tilia

Answer 12

Tiliaceae, Tolerant, native & introduced, flowers attract bees but flower is often poison to them
Affected by sooty mold and bark canker

Question 13

Paulownia

Answer 13

(Empresstree), wood very valuable and fire-resistant, common to dry sites

Question 14

Catalpa speciosa

Answer 14

Trumpet Creeper family (Bignoniaceae) tolerates dry, has pods but not legume

Question 15

Carya

Answer 15

Golden fall color, Shagbark requires moist soils, all other hickories require dry sites, climax plant

Question 16

Fraxinus

Answer 16

in the Olive family (Oleaceae), valuable lumber and landscape plant, has straight grain that is susceptible to tearing, transplants easily, dioecious
Affected by mites (cause galls), Emerald Ash Borer and Ash Yellows

Question 17

Ginkgo biloba

Answer 17

Ginkgoceae family, yellow fall color, stinky fruits, not affected by any diseases or pests, invasive root problem

Question 18

Gleditsia triacanthos

Answer 18

Legume family (Leguminaceae/Fabaceae/Caesalpinaceae), capture N from air and convert into nutrient source therefore can grow in bad soils, like dry sites (too much moisture will suffocate rhizobia), pioneer
Affected by bark canker, mimosa webworm, and plant bugs

Question 19

Juglans

Answer 19

Juglandaceae, yellow or nothing fall color, prefer moist soils-not wet, weed tree, tolerates dry soils, timber trees, have allelopathy, pioneer
Affected by leaf blight (especially Butternut)

Question 20

Liquidambar styraciflua

Answer 20

Witchhazel family (Hamamelidaceae), when transplanting first take leaves off or it will die, more southern plant (NY is out of its range), bootom land plants (good street trees bcuz can handle low O2 levels), pioneer

Question 21

Liriodendron tulipifera

Answer 21

Magnoliaceae, yellow fall color, tallest tree in NE, pioneer

Affected by scales and sooty mold

Question 22

Platanus occidentalis

Answer 22

Platanaceae, native to streams and bottom-lands, good high pH and pollution tolerant, easy to transplant, pioneer
Affected by anthracnose, rosey canker (n gas leak), “bumpy lumpy stem” (physical hit)

Question 23

Platanus x acerifolia

Answer 23

Platanaceae, (hybrid), less susceptible to anthracnose than Sycamore
variety: ‘Bloodgood’-fully resistant to anthracnose

Question 24

Pyrus calleryana

Answer 24

Rosaceae, crimson fall color, tolerant, best to transplant w/o leaves, resistant to fire blight, invasive

Question 25

Populus

Answer 25

Salicaceae, cheap lumber, usually only survive for around a decade (fast growing), pioneers, can grow on toxic sites and are used for stream remediation using waddles (plant stems about 1" thick in streambank so they shoot up and decrease erosion) tremuloides have largest distribution in NA and very site tolerant grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen) deltoides grows by streambank

Question 26

Quercus

Answer 26

Fagaceae, half of annual hardwood lumber production in US, strong-wooded, climax plant, acid soils, require mycorrhizae, red transplant much more easily than white, have cones of juvenility Harmed by overfertilization (kills microorganisms/mycorrhizae), cant take up nutrients without acid soils (becomes iron-deficient) Affected by oak wilt and anthracnose

Question 27

Ulmus

Answer 27

Ulmaceae, vase-shaped, tolerant, fairly rot-resistant, have bark inclusion at times so break Affected by Dutch Elm disease-symptom of 'flagging' (dead branch at top of tree where disease enters), chinese and siberian elm resistant, phloem necrosis (kills and has wintergreen odor) Jefferson and Princeton are best resistant cultivars

Question 28

Zelkova serrata

Answer 28

(Japanese Zelkova), Ulmaceae, good replacement for elm, easily transplants, massive root system that can cause problem for sidewalks, site tolerant, ozone indicator, valuable lumber in Japan

Question 29

Acer palmatum

Answer 29

Aceraceae, well-drained, likes moderation

Question 30

Acer ginnala

Answer 30

Aceraceae, cold hardy, moist open fields, tolerant

Question 31

Acer griseum

Answer 31

Aceraceae, part shade to full sun, true shade and cold site plant

Question 32

Amelanchier

Answer 32

Rosaceae, understory but likes full sun Sassakatoon (blueberry-like) Affected by heat (attracts lacebugs) and lacebugs (sap-sucking)

Question 33

Betula populifolia

Answer 33

Betulaceae, poor thin aerated soils, like warmer

Question 34

Betula papyrifera

Answer 34

Betulaceae, farther N species, loamy soils, more moisture than Gray

Question 35

Betula nigra

Answer 35

Betulaceae, wet sites, good city tree, cant tolerate sand

Question 36

Betula lenta

Answer 36

Betulaceae, hardy down South, wintergreen

Question 37

Betula alleghaniensis

Answer 37

(Yellow/Swamp Birch), Betulaceae, grows in colder spots, most wintergreen

Question 38

Carpinus caroliniana

Answer 38

Betulaceae, native understory, shade and damp stream sites

Question 39

Ostrya virginiana

Answer 39

Betulaceae, native understory, tough pioneer

Question 40

Hamamelis

Answer 40

Hamamelidaceae, last plant to bloom in October

Question 41

Rhus

Answer 41

Anacardiaceae (Cashew family), pioneer invasive, white fruit are poisonous, common to disturbed sites, tend to clump together

Question 42

Larix Decidua

Answer 42

easy to transplant, needs well-drained soil and full sun not tolerant of shade, likes disturbed sites

Question 43

Taxodium distichum

Answer 43

Cupressaceae, southern swamps, flood tolerant, most rot-resistant wood

Question 44

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Answer 44

easy to transplant, no disease, fossils

Question 45

tsuga

Answer 45

native to northern cool slopes, wooley adelgid, not planted very much anymore

Question 46

Juniperus

Answer 46

Cupressaceae, fleshy cones, pioneer, best in full sun, acid or limey soils, not good in wet or shade sites affected by phomopsis tip blight and cedar apple rust

Question 47

Juniperus virginiana

Answer 47

dry site plant

Question 48

Thuja occidentalis

Answer 48

moist site plant

Question 49

Atlantic White-Chamaecyparis thyoides

Answer 49

wet site plant (swamps)

Question 50

Taxus

Answer 50

landscape plant, require fertile well-drained soils (wet sites kill), seeds of aril are poisonous affected by Black Vine Weevil

Question 51

Forsythia

Answer 51

full sun, yellow flowers in the spring susceptible to frost damage

Question 52

Lonicera tatartica

Answer 52

Tatarian Honeysuckle, red or orange fruits, site tolerant plant

Question 53

Hydrangea

Answer 53

flowers-blue=acid, pink=basic, indicators of drought (shrivel up when they need water but come back to life when they get it)

Question 54

Viburnum

Answer 54

pioneer, can thrive in heavy clay to sandy soils, not dry, need crosspollination for good fruit affected by Viburnum Leaf Beetle

Question 55

Syringa

Answer 55

Oleaceae, thrive in full sun and wind, rejuvenate pruning (remove old stems) affected by powdery mildew

Question 56

Ilex

Answer 56

Aquifoliaceae, mostly evergreens but most cold hardy are deciduous, need high oxygen acidic soils, dioecious

Question 57

Ilex opaca

Answer 57

American Holly, native to New England through Florida within 100 miles of coast, acid soils

Question 58

Ilex meserveae

Answer 58

hybrid of Canadian and English hollies, cold hardy broadleaf evergreen

Question 59

Ilex glabra

Answer 59

seashore tolerant, wet site and cold hardy

Question 60

Ilex verticillata

Answer 60

deciduous, native to cold swampy wet areas

Question 61

Prunus serotina

Answer 61

natives are long-lived (most cherries only live 25 yrs) | affected by Black knot disease

Question 62

Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan'

Answer 62

used in Washington Cherry Festival

Question 63

Rhododendron

Answer 63

``` Ericaeceae (Heath family), largest genus of woody plants, all require acid soils, moderate shade, and moist but not wet sites, deadhead pruning all azaleas (5 stamens and funnel/trumpet flowers) are rhododendrons (10 stamens and bell flowers) evergreen azaleas=Delaware Valley White+Hino Crimson--affected by canker, powdery mildew, and Black Vine Weevil ```

Question 64

Rhododendron maximum

Answer 64

requires shade

Question 65

Rhododendron catawbiense

Answer 65

most common landscape, native to Blue Ridge Mountains | Roseum elegans-most hardy catawba cultivar and most common

Question 66

Kalmia

Answer 66

Ericaceae, poor tolerance of pollution and urban situations

Question 67

Pieris

Answer 67

Ericaceae | affected by lacebug (black under leaf)

Question 68

Hedera helix

Answer 68

attach by root-like hairs, sun or shade very poor with SW exposure, invasive

Question 69

Pachysandra

Answer 69

groundcover, avoid full sun-causes yellowing

Question 70

Vinca minor

Answer 70

better full sun than shade, avoid SW exposure, blue flowers

Question 71

Euonymus fortune

Answer 71

tolerant, invasive

Question 72

Coronillia varia

Answer 72

Crown Vetch, Leguminaceae, common along highways, blooms pink in summer

Question 73

Pueraria lobata

Answer 73

Kudzu Vine, fastest growing vine in the U.S. (60 ft a yr), mostly impacts southern forest by covering things