geo

Question 1

What is a tectonic hazard?

Answer 1

A natural event caused by movement of Earth’s plates, like earthquakes or volcanoes.

Question 2

What causes earthquakes?

Answer 2

Sudden release of energy due to movement along fault lines.

Question 3

Name two effects of the Nepal 2015 earthquake.

Answer 3

9000 deaths, 1 million made homeless.

Question 4

How do LICs and HICs respond differently to tectonic hazards?

Answer 4

HICs have better infrastructure, emergency services, and funding.

Question 5

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 5

The point underground where the earthquake starts.

Question 6

What is the epicentre?

Answer 6

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

Question 7

Why do people live near volcanoes?

Answer 7

Fertile soil, geothermal energy, tourism, minerals.

Question 8

How can volcanoes be monitored?

Answer 8

Seismometers, gas sensors, thermal imaging.

Question 9

What is a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 9

Plates slide past each other causing friction and earthquakes.

Question 10

What is a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 10

Plates move apart, magma rises to form new crust.

Question 11

What are tropical storms also known as?

Answer 11

Hurricanes, cyclones, or typhoons.

Question 12

Where do tropical storms form?

Answer 12

Over warm oceans (above 27°C), in tropical regions.

Question 13

What scale measures tropical storms?

Answer 13

The Saffir-Simpson scale.

Question 14

What are the primary effects of tropical storms?

Answer 14

Strong winds, heavy rain, storm surges.

Question 15

Name one secondary effect of a tropical storm.

Answer 15

Flooding leading to disease or food shortages.

Question 16

How can we reduce the effects of tropical storms?

Answer 16

Planning, prediction, protection.

Question 17

Name one impact of the Beast from the East.

Answer 17

Transport disruption and school closures.

Question 18

How are UK weather patterns becoming more extreme?

Answer 18

More frequent and intense storms, flooding, and heatwaves.

Question 19

What are the economic impacts of extreme UK weather?

Answer 19

Damage to businesses, loss of crops, insurance costs.

Question 20

What are the social impacts of extreme UK weather?

Answer 20

Injury, death, isolation, disruption to services.

Question 21

What is climate change?

Answer 21

A long-term change in Earth’s average temperature and weather patterns.

Question 22

Name one human cause of climate change.

Answer 22

Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases.

Question 23

Name one natural cause of climate change.

Answer 23

Volcanic eruptions or solar output changes.

Question 24

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Answer 24

Human activities increase greenhouse gases, trapping more heat.

Question 25

What are the global impacts of climate change?

Answer 25

Rising sea levels, extreme weather, ecosystem loss.

Question 26

How does climate change affect the UK?

Answer 26

Increased flooding, heatwaves, changing seasons.

Question 27

What is mitigation of climate change?

Answer 27

Actions to reduce the causes, like renewable energy.

Question 28

What is adaptation to climate change?

Answer 28

Changing lifestyles to cope, like flood defences.

Question 29

Give one international response to climate change.

Answer 29

The Paris Agreement (2015).

Question 30

Give one example of climate adaptation.

Answer 30

Building flood barriers or drought-resistant crops.

Question 31

What is the definition of a biome?

Answer 31

A large-scale global ecosystem with similar climate and organisms.

Question 32

What is a food web?

Answer 32

A complex network of interconnected food chains.

Question 33

What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Answer 33

They make energy from sunlight via photosynthesis.

Question 34

What is the nutrient cycle?

Answer 34

Movement of nutrients between soil, plants, and animals.

Question 35

How do humans impact small ecosystems?

Answer 35

Pollution, deforestation, introducing new species.

Question 36

What happens if a component in an ecosystem changes?

Answer 36

It causes knock-on effects throughout the system.

Question 37

How are pond ecosystems balanced?

Answer 37

Producers support consumers; decomposers recycle nutrients.

Question 38

Why are decomposers important?

Answer 38

They break down dead material, recycling nutrients.

Question 39

What is interdependence?

Answer 39

All parts of an ecosystem rely on each other.

Question 40

What is biodiversity?

Answer 40

The variety of species in an area.

Question 41

Give the location of the Amazon Rainforest.

Answer 41

South America, mainly Brazil.

Question 42

What is the rainforest climate?

Answer 42

High temperature and rainfall all year.

Question 43

What is stratification in rainforests?

Answer 43

The layering of different plant types by height.

Question 44

How are animals adapted to the rainforest?

Answer 44

Camouflage, nocturnal habits, prehensile tails.

Question 45

What is slash-and-burn farming?

Answer 45

Cutting and burning vegetation for temporary farming.

Question 46

What are the impacts of deforestation?

Answer 46

Loss of biodiversity, climate change, soil erosion.

Question 47

Name a sustainable management strategy for rainforests.

Answer 47

Ecotourism, selective logging.

Question 48

What is debt-for-nature swapping?

Answer 48

Cancelling debt in exchange for forest conservation.

Question 49

Why is the rainforest important globally?

Answer 49

It stores carbon and regulates climate.

Question 50

What goods are provided by rainforests?

Answer 50

Timber, medicine, food products.

Question 51

Where are hot deserts found?

Answer 51

Between 15° and 30° north and south of the equator.

Question 52

What is the climate like in hot deserts?

Answer 52

Very hot, dry, with little annual rainfall.

Question 53

Give an example of a hot desert.

Answer 53

Sahara Desert.

Question 54

What is the soil like in deserts?

Answer 54

Dry, thin, sandy, and poor in nutrients.

Question 55

How are desert plants adapted?

Answer 55

Thick cuticles, deep roots, spines instead of leaves.

Question 56

How are animals adapted to desert life?

Answer 56

Nocturnal, water-storing bodies, burrowing.

Question 57

What are the causes of desertification?

Answer 57

Overgrazing, deforestation, climate change.

Question 58

How can we manage desertification?

Answer 58

Afforestation, terracing, appropriate technology.

Question 59

What is water management in deserts?

Answer 59

Using drip irrigation or efficient collection systems.

Question 60

What is the Sahel?

Answer 60

A region in Africa vulnerable to desertification.

Question 61

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 61

The force of water breaking rock particles away.

Question 62

What is abrasion?

Answer 62

Rocks thrown against cliffs scrape and erode them.

Question 63

What is a spit?

Answer 63

A long finger of sand or shingle extending from the coast.

Question 64

Name a coastal erosion landform.

Answer 64

Wave-cut platform.

Question 65

How are sand dunes formed?

Answer 65

Wind deposits sand behind obstacles like vegetation.

Question 66

What is managed retreat?

Answer 66

Allowing the sea to flood low-value land.

Question 67

What is beach nourishment?

Answer 67

Adding sand to beaches to absorb wave energy.

Question 68

What are groynes?

Answer 68

Wooden or rock barriers that prevent longshore drift.

Question 69

Give a coastal management example.

Answer 69

Holderness Coast.

Question 70

How are headlands and bays formed?

Answer 70

Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock.

Question 71

What is a meander?

Answer 71

A bend in a river formed by lateral erosion and deposition.

Question 72

What is an ox-bow lake?

Answer 72

A meander that has been cut off from the main river.

Question 73

Where is vertical erosion most dominant?

Answer 73

In the upper course of a river.

Question 74

What is lateral erosion?

Answer 74

Sideways erosion that widens the river channel.

Question 75

What is deposition?

Answer 75

When a river drops its load due to loss of energy.

Question 76

Name four transportation processes in rivers.

Answer 76

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution.

Question 77

What is a floodplain?

Answer 77

A flat area around a river that floods.

Question 78

Name a flood management strategy.

Answer 78

Dams and reservoirs.

Question 79

Give a river case study for flood management.

Answer 79

Banbury flood defence scheme.

Question 80

What factors increase flood risk?

Answer 80

Urbanisation, deforestation, heavy rainfall.