Geo Flashcards
(31 cards)
what is an Epidemic?
An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities.
what is a pandemic?
When an epidemic spreads throughout the world.
what is a Endemic?
a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population. Malaria is a constant worry in parts of Africa.
what is an example of an epidemic?
- Ebola
- Cholera
- Zika
whats an example of an endemic?
- malaria
- Ross river fever
What is an example of a pandemic?
HIV/ Aids
Swine Flue
What is a Water borne disease
Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly results during bathing, washing, drinking, in the preparation of food, or the consumption of food
Whats an example of a water borne disease?
- Cholera
- Typhiod
- Trachoma
what is an air borne disease?
Airborne diseases are spread when droplets of pathogens are expelled into the air due to coughing, sneezing or talking.
whats an example of a air borne disease?
- flu
- tuberculosis
- chicken pox and or small pox
what is a deficiency disease?
a disease caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral.
whats an example of a deficiency disease?
- Scurvy
- anemia
factors contributing to disease- physical factors
- climate
- water and soil
- natural resources
- natural disasters
factors contributing to disease- social-economic factors
- Level of development
- poverty
- education and skills
- technology
- travel
factors contributing to disease- political factors
- stable government
- war and civil unrest
- human rights
- refugee movement
factors contributing to disease- life style
- diet
- smoking
- alcohol consumption
- exercise
- stress
Connection between poverty & health (mention HDI)- background information
- Poverty cycle no escape
- Low HDI
- Inability to work> cannot grow food or earn wage
- Squalid housing, rapid urban growth
- No electricity, running water, poor sanitation, poor waste disposal
Connection between poverty & health (mention HDI)- connection to health
- Poor diet: malnutrition
- Predominantly children and elderly
- More vulnerable to disease
Connection between poverty & health (mention HDI)- examples of disease and location
Developing world, diet related e.g. marasmus, goitre
• Water borne cholera and typhoid
• Overcrowded shanty towns Brazil, India
• Malaria, cholera, typhoid
case study Malaria- Mosquito vector
Life cycle stages require different treatments
Sub-Saharan Africa -anopheles mosquito prime conditions to reproduce and quickly go through their life-cycles, which are necessary for infection. The temperature in this Tropical region never drops below 16 degrees Celsius, so the parasite actively seeks to infect year-round
strong human-biting habit of the African vector species is the main reason why nearly 90% of the world’s malaria cases are in Africa.
case study Malaria- climate conditions
Temps above 200 C for malaria to develop in mosquito
Endemic to tropical and sub-tropical areas (high temp, high humidity, high rainfall)
case study Malaria- Economic factors
Generally poor countries (low HDI Human Development Index)
Cycle poor housing> no screens> no electricity (outside) > limited basic & health infrastructure > people infected not able to work
Health funding limited makes cure & prevention difficult
Malaria is concentrated in countries with weaker heath systems and lower national incomes
case study Malaria- Cultural factors
Accepted, routine disease (cold & flu); lived experience, less motivation to control
Too often solutions are imposed from outside communities (e.g. nets
Explain why Australia has no major transmission of malaria
- Declared free 1982 World Health Organisation
- High HDI
- Established infrastructure & health system
- Isolated/ sparse population & malaria free population = low human reservoir of the disease
- enhanced surveillance systems can help ensure that every infection is detected, treated and reported to a national malaria registry
