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Grade 10 Geo > Geo > Flashcards

Geo Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

Geo- earth Graphy- descriptive writing

Descriptive writing about the earth or the study of the earth.

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2
Q

Why is Geography important?

A

Determines:

  • how best to live on the earth
  • how best to respond to challenges that our resource abuse causes
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3
Q

What are the three subtopics used to divide the 7 regions of North America?

A
  • The physical environment
  • The human environment
  • Issues in the region
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4
Q

What is Physical Geography

A

The physical make-up of the earth, it’s landforms, and the conditions of the atmosphere.

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5
Q

What is Human Geography

A

Deals with how people are living on the land and their interactions with other life, resources, and the topography around them.

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6
Q

Lines of latitude

A

Imaginary parallel lines that are equal distance apart and encircle the globe from east to west

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7
Q

North pole

A

Can be found at 90° north. This is considered to be the official ‘Top’ of the world.

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8
Q

The Arctic Circle

A

Can be found at 66.5° north. This is a general boundary line marking the north frigid zone on the globe.

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9
Q

Tropic of Cancer

A

The name comes from the sign of the zodiac which it’s Celestial projection intersects. It is the parallel of latitude that is approximately 23.5° north of the equator and that is the northernmost latitude reached by the overhead sun.

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10
Q

Equator

A

Is so named because it’s location is everywhere equal distance from the two poles and divides the earth’s surface into north and south hemispheres.

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11
Q

Tropic of Capricorn

A

The name comes from the sign of the zodiac which its celestial projection intersects. It is the parallel of latitude that is approximately 23.5° south of the equator and that is the southernmost latitude reached by the overhead sun

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12
Q

Antarctic Circle

A

Can be found at 66.5° south. This is a general boundary line marking the southern frigid zone on the globe.

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13
Q

South pole

A

Can be found at 90° south. This is considered to be the official ‘bottom’ of the world.

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14
Q

Lines of longitude

A

Imaginary lines running north and south from pole to pole. There are 360 of these in total. They number from 0 to 180, and from 180 to zero again - making a complete circle of up-and-down lines around the globe.

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15
Q

International dateline

A

It is a hypothetical line approximately along the 180 Meridian and is designated as the place where one day ends and another starts. This line is on the complete opposite side of the earth from the prime meridian. It runs north and south from pole to pole.

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16
Q

The prime meridian

A

The meridian at 0° latitude which runs through the original site of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, and from which other longitudinal lines are numbered either east or west of. This line is on the complete opposite side of the earth from the international dateline in the Pacific ocean.

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17
Q

Hemispheres

A

Hemi means half and sphere means round ball or globe. The earth has been divided into four hemispheres. The equator cuts the earth into two halves across it’s centre to create a north and south half. The combination of the primer meridian on one side of the globe and the international dateline on the other side of the earth neatly divides it into east and West halve with it’s lines going from pole to pole.

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18
Q

General purpose maps

A

Sometimes referred to as reference maps, show both natural and human made features such as coastlines, lakes, rivers, boundaries, settlements, roads, rail lines, and others.

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19
Q

Thematic maps

A

Also referred to as special purpose maps, illustrate the geographical distribution of a particular theme or phenomenon.

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20
Q

Topographic maps

A

These maps show the topography or surface features of the land through the use of contour lines. Contours are lines on a map that join places of equal elevation above sea level.

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21
Q

Mental maps

A

Images stored in our minds, about features and locations in our environment. Unlike other map types, mental maps may not be very accurate in terms of distance and directions

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22
Q

Mercator map projection

A

This is where a globe style view of the world was opened up and flattened out. Then the spaces in between the open cases were filled in with similar looking water and land masses. This leaves a skewed and inaccurate view of the world.

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23
Q

List 3 ways maps have deceived people in the past.

A
  • 1985 map of quebec that includes Labrador as a part of quebec
  • CPR railway maps from the early 1900s
  • 1752 world map by Joseph Delise placed a large Sea in western Canada
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24
Q

Latitude and Longitude

A

They are similar because they are both imaginary lines that show location on the earth, but they are different because latitude lines are horizontal and longitude lines are vertical.

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25
Hydro electricity and thermal electricity
They are similar because they're both forms of electricity, but hydroelectricity is created by water and thermal electricity is created by heat.
26
Climate and weather
They are similar because both are about weather events in an area, but climate is a seasonal average and weather is the short term atmospheric conditions.
27
Rural and urban
They are similar because they are both types of communities but the rural communities are in the country and urban communities are within the city. Urban communities in Canada have 10,000 people or more.
28
Weathering and erosion
They are similar because they both break things down but weathering is more about the breaking down and erosion is taking away the broken down materials.
29
Inshore fishing and offshore fishing
They are similar because both are ways to fish but inshore fishing is within 10 km to the shore and offshore fishing is fishing a distance further than that
30
Air mass and jet streams
They are both upper atmospheric air but jet streams are air flow with high speeds and Air Mass is similar weather conditions throughout the upper atmosphere.
31
International date line and prime meridian
They are similar because they are both lines of latitude on the earth but they are different because they are on opposite sides of the earth and the date line marks the start of a new day
32
Leeward and Windward
They are both forces of the wind but leeward is a force against the wind and windward goes with the wind.
33
Isobars and isotherms
They are connecting lines on a map but isobars show air pressure and isotherms show temperature.
34
Anticline and syncline
Both are folded rock strata, anticline folds up and syncline folds down.
35
Labour intensive and subsistence farming
They are both forms of industry but labour intensive generates money and subsistence farming gives enough to survive.
36
Maritime climate and continental climate
These are both types of climates, but the maritime climate is affected by the ocean and the continental is not.
37
Lava and magma
They are similar because they are both types of molten rock however lava is hotter than magma.
38
Agrarian and aquaculture
Agrarian is food harvested from the ground and an aquaculture is one where food is harvested from lakes or oceans, they are similar because both are harvested for food.
39
Low-pressure cells and high-pressure cells
Low pressure cells are parcels of air with the pressure in lower than 101.3 kPA, high-pressure cells are pressure above 101.3 kPA, both are similar because they compare air densities.
40
Choice cutting and patch cutting
Choice cutting is cutting the best trees in an area but patch cutting cuts down all the trees in the area. They are both methods of harvesting trees.
41
Lithosphere and mantle
Lithosphere is the solid rock portion of the earths crust while the mantle is more of a broken up portion. They are both rocky parts of the earths crust.
42
Boreal forest and tropical forest
They are both forests made up of trees, they cover a large areas of the planet. Boreal is found in much colder areas and tropical is found in warmer areas.
43
Igneous rock and sedimentary rock
They're both forms of rock, igneous rock is made from hardened magma and sedimentary rock is made up of layers of sediment.
44
Shield volcano and composite volcano
They're both volcanoes, A shield will Cano is formed from cool laxative flow while a composite is it is one forms of ash, lava, and sediments.
45
Oil field and oil sand
They are similar because they are both areas were oil is found, they are different because Oil sands are a mixture of sand in very thick oils but oil fields are areas where many drills have found crude oil.
46
Conservation Society and consumer
Conservation Society is interested in keeping the resources safe while consumer is only interested in the current product and not in the future of the resource. They are both related to consumption.
47
Geographic regions and physiographic regions.
Geographic regions are separated by physical topography like hills, mountains. Physiographic is more imaginary lines set by people, sovereign borders. Both separate different groups of people or societies.
48
Coniferous trees and deciduous trees
They are both types of forest trees, but coniferous trees have needles and deciduous trees are broad leafed
49
Elevation and relief
Elevation is the exact height above sea level while relief is the angle and groups of elevation, both deal with height of the land
50
Drought and the desert
Drought is the sudden loss of water or moisture a desert is an area that is normally in drought all the time. They both lack moisture.
51
Fossil fuels and geothermal energy
Fossil fuel's is the extraction of fossilized organisms which are then burned as fuels, geothermal energy is the harnessing of the earth's natural heat. They both require mining into the earth
52
Delta and glacial till
Delta is the natural build up of any minerals at the mouth of a river or output while glacial till's are the depositing of materials trapped in the ice glaciers that melt. These are similar because they both deal with depositing material through the movement of water.
53
Hot deserts and sandy deserts
Hot deserts are deserts in low altitude. Sandy deserts are colder deserts at higher altitude's. They are both deserts and are very dry.
54
What is the oldest mountain range in North America
Appalachian mountains
55
What are the 3 types of rock
Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock
56
What does sovereignty mean?
Supreme power or authority
57
What is the DEW line?
The DEW line is a line of radar stations built in the 1950s to warn of incoming threats. They were built specifically because america was scared of the soviet union.
58
Why do the nations surrounding the arctic want control?
It's believed to be rich in resources
59
What 2 things must a country do to legitimately claim land?
- They must have a government presence on the land | - They must have permanent settlements
60
Name 3 reasons why hydro costs rose
- low estimates did not include aboriginal partnerships - rise in building materials and local labour costs - flood lands needed to be cleared
61
Name the 8 factors that affect the climate
- Air Masses - Air Pollution - Pressure Cells - Global Air - Altitude (Mtn. Barriers) - Ocean Current - Land and Water Surfaces - Latitude
62
What are the 3 perspectives on Resource Use
- Consumer perspective (use what we have how we want, ignoring consequences) - Tourist perspective (enjoy the beauty and our interactions as a tourist) - Sustainable Development view (use conservatively and allow resources to last a long time)
63
Renewable Vs. Non-Renewable
- A renewable resource is a substance of value that can be replaced in the same amount of time as it takes to use it. - A nonrenewable resources is a resources of value that cannot be readily replaced by naturally in the time it takes to consume
64
Why is Coltan controversial
There is no simple way to keep conflict coltan out of the stream of legitimate minerals used by manufactures because it doesn't have a Geo fingerprint.
65
What is the criteria to label an item as fair trade?
Paying a fair wage in the local contacts, offering employees opportunities for advancement, engaging in environmentally sustainable practices, being open to public accountability, building long term trade relationships, providing healthy and safe working conditions within the local context, providing financial and technical assistance to producers whenever possible ensuring that there is no abuse of child labour
66
What does Globalization mean?
The spread of a countries economy and ideas around the world.
67
What does Outsourcing mean?
To obtain items from a foreign supplier.
68
What are Migrant Workers?
A person who moves around to do work or does seasonal work.
69
What is Industry?
The production of goods within an economy.
70
What are the five levels of industry?
``` Primary- Resource Extraction Secondary- Manufacturing Tertiary- Service Industry Quaternary- Informational Activities Quinary- Decision Making ```
71
What are the 7 important locational considerations for starting a buisness
``` Raw Materials Transportation Energy Markets Labour Capital Government ```
72
Name 4 negative impacts of Urbanization
- More people than jobs - Increased crime and violence - Pollution - Easy spread of diseases
73
List 4 positive outcomes of Urbanization
- More money for social services - Public transit - More diversity - Better tolerance of different people
74
What is pluralism?
A society in which members of varied ethnic, racial, and religious, or social groups maintain their traditional culture while playing a part in a national culture.
75
What is social diversity?
A society with a mix of opinion, backgrounds, beliefs, heritage, and life experience.
76
What is agribusiness?
A business that helps the agricultural sector.
77
List 3 examples of conditions that affect our foods security
Environmental Social -drought -health -climate -community cooperation -erosion -education Economic and Infrastructure Political -$ to buy food -war -access to land -tariffs and taxes -transportation -elections
78
What does GIS stand for?
Geographical information system
79
What portion of the earth is suitable for farming?
1/36
80
What is coltan used for?
The production of tantalum capacitors used in electronic devices.

Grade 10 Geo (1 decks)

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