geo final

Question 1

Reversing pattern of wind/weather that dictates seasonal
pattern of annual (summer) rains aka “wet ______” with
60+ days of rain followed by dry season

Answer 1

Monsoon

Question 2

The strict social stratification and residential segregation of people—specifically in
India’s Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation

Answer 2

Caste System

Question 3

The subdivision of the British Indian Empire into India and Pakistan on 15 Aug., 1947

Answer 3

Partition

Question 4

A national development strategy based on privatizing state-run companies, lowering
taxes; an overall deregulation of business activity

Answer 4

Neoliberalism

Question 5

The sub-discipline that focuses on the characteristics, distribution, growth,
and other aspects of spatial demography

Answer 5

Population geography

Question 6

A process whereby a rapid increase in births and decrease in deaths leads
to sharp population increase, followed by balance and decline

Answer 6

Demographic transition:

Question 7

The number of births per woman

Answer 7

Fertility rate

Question 8

A demographic indicator showing the ratio of males to females in a given population

Answer 8

Sex ratio

Question 9

Proportion of population Proportion of population hat is either too old or too
young to be productive and that must be cared for by productive population

Answer 9

Demographic burden

Question 10

A seismic sea wave that can attain gigantic proportions and cause coastal devastation

Answer 10

Tsunami

Question 11

The PRC’s inter-basin water transfer scheme to deliver massive quantities of fresh
water from the Huang He and Chiang Jiang river systems to the cities of N. China that face severe water shortages

Answer 11

South-to-North Water Diversion Project:

Question 12

A succession of Chinese rulers that came from the same line of male descent, sometimes enduring for centuries.
The last Chinese dynasty ended in 1911.

Answer 12

Dynasty

Question 13

Imparting of a cultural imprint by the ethnic Chinese (“Han”), included migration of Han Chinese into
periphery of the country

Answer 13

Hanification:

Question 14

The name given to four countries that began to rapidly industrialized and compete with Japan in the global
export markets in the second half of the 20th century = Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore

Answer 14

Asian Tiger

Question 15

Products of improved net worth

Answer 15

High-value-added Goods

Question 16

An indicator of pressure on a country’s workers, the age-population ratio of (dependent) people who
are not in the labor force to those (productive) people who are in the labor force

Answer 16

Dependency Ratio

Question 17

Chinese population control project est. in late 1970s that enforced a limit of one child per family of
ethnic Han Chinese; ended in 2016

Answer 17

One-Child Policy

Question 18

Demographic imbalance of males outnumbering females, resulting from selective birth control

Answer 18

Gender Imbalance:

Question 19

China’s global development strategy, announced in 2013, involving over a hundred infrastructure-
investment projects. Some serve to connect China to surrounding countries, others support infrastructure developments
within or between countries around the world. Overall, the BRI has significantly increased China’s global presence

Answer 19

Belt and Road Initiative

Question 20

The total variety of plant and animal species that exists in a given area

Answer 20

Biodiversity

Question 21

The 50+ mil. ethnic Chinese who live outside of China, 2/3rds of which live in S. East Asia – many
maintaining links to China

Answer 21

Overseas Chinese:

Question 22

The world’s fastest-growing national market economies as measured by economic growth rates,
attraction of foreign direct investment, and other key indicators

Answer 22

Emerging Market

Question 23

A center that functions as a point of connectivity within a regional network or system

Answer 23

Node

Question 24

The particular geographic layout of sovereign territory of a state, that influences its
internal functioning and external relations

Answer 24

State Territorial Configuration

Question 25

A state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center to any point on the boundary exhibits little variance

Answer 25

Compact State

Question 26

Territorial shape of a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of territory

Answer 26

Protruded State

Question 27

A state whose territory is decidedly long and narrow in that its length is at least six times greater than its average width

Answer 27

Elongated State

Question 28

A state whose territory consists of several separated parts vs. contiguous whole

Answer 28

Fragmented State

Question 29

Map used by China to indicate Chinese claims to S. China Sea

Answer 29

Nine-dashed Map

Question 30

A calculated mix of tactics to achieve aggressive geopolitical objectives while avoiding direct war, including military, diplomatic, economic, and intelligence means

Answer 30

Hybrid Warfare

Question 31

The Ocean that surrounds Antarctica

Answer 31

southern Ocean

Question 32

A narrow marine transition zone girdling the globe around lat. 40 degrees S. that marks the equator-ward limit of the frigid Southern Ocean & poleward limits of warmer oceans to the North (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian)

Answer 32

Subtropical Convergence

Question 33

The clockwise movement of water as a current that circles around Antarctica in the Southern Ocean

Answer 33

West Wind Drift

Question 34

The study of flora (plant life) and fauna (animal life) in spatial perspective

Answer 34

Biogeography

Question 35

The zoogeographical boundary proposed by Alfred Russel Wallace that separates the marsupial fauna of Australia and New Guinea from the non-marsupial fauna of Indonesia

Answer 35

Wallace’s Line:

Question 36

Native or aboriginal peoples; often used to designate the inhabitants of areas that were conquered and subsequently colonized by the imperial powers of Europe

Answer 36

Aboriginal Population

Question 37

The name given by Australians to the vast, sparsely settled interior of the country

Answer 37

Outback

Question 38

A periodic, abnormal warming of the sea surface in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Disturbs weather patterns across much of the world, especially in northwestern and northeastern South America

Answer 38

El Niño

Question 39

The process of removing dissolved salts from water to make fresh water from seawater

Answer 39

Desalinization

Question 40

The legal campaign in which Australia’s indigenous peoples have claimed title to traditional land in several parts of that country

Answer 40

Aboriginal Land Issue

Question 41

Peripheral Development

Answer 41

Spatial pattern in which a country’s or region’s development (and population) is most heavily concentrated along its outer edges rather than in its interior

Question 42

Volcanic islands in the Pacific Realm with enough elevation to wrest (take) enough moisture from the tropical ocean air in order to be well-watered, and thus support productive agriculture and larger populations

Answer 42

High Island

Question 43

Low-lying coral islands in the Pacific Realm that cannot gain sufficient moisture from the tropical maritime air to avoid chronic drought – No agriculture, populations rely on fishing and gathering + More threatened by rising sea levels

Answer 43

Low Island

Question 44

A ring-like coral reef surrounding an empty lagoon that probably formed around the rim of a now- completely-eroded volcanic cone standing on the seafloor – typically uninhabitable by humans

Answer 44

Atoll

Question 45

The geographic study of oceans and seas. Its practitioners investigate both the physical as well as human aspects of oceanic environments

Answer 45

Marine Geography

Question 46

A zone of seawater adjacent to a country’s coast, held to be part of the national territory and treated as a component of the sovereign state

Answer 46

Territorial Sea

Question 47

Areas of the oceans away from land, beyond national jurisdiction, open and free to all

Answer 47

High Seas

Question 48

Beyond the coastlines of many landmasses, the ocean floor declines very gently until about 600 feet. Beyond the 600-foot line the sea bottom drops off sharply, along the continental slope, towards the much deeper mid-oceanic basin. The submerged continental margin is called the continental shelf, extending from the shoreline to the upper edge of the continental slope.

Answer 48

Continental Shelf