Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geology Cont... > Geo Unit 3 Cont... > Flashcards

Geo Unit 3 Cont... Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What two forces are found in plate tectonics at plate boundaries?

A

Stress and Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between stress and strain?

A

Stress is force applied to a rock; Strain is deformation/change in the shape of stressed rocks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How fast can unforeseen earthquakes occur?

A

7,000 mph, no warning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many earthquakes per year?

A

1,000,000 per year unfelt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many 6-7 level earthquakes per year?

A
  1. Level 8 once a year “great quake.”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the order and ages of the first 4 eras:

A

Precambrian (4.6bya), Paleozoic (545mya), Meszoic (245mya), Cenozoic (65mya).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the age of invertabrates?

A

Paleozoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the age of reptiles?

A

Mesozoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the age of mammals? What killed them?

A

Cenozoic. Giant Asteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the very oldest rocks contain?

A

Rubidium-Strontium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the half life of Rubidium-Strontium? What are moon rocks dated at?

A

1/2 life of 47by. Moon rocks 4.53 by.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the half life of K-Ar dating?

A

1.3by 1/2 life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How far back is tree ring dating?

A

26,000yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are varves found?

A

Lake sediments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is radiocarbon dating?

A

A carbon decay of C-14 from Nitrogen atom (unstable). Half life of 5730yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is fission track dating?

A

Uranium damage to mineral structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which rock type is best for accurately dating rocks?

A

Igneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the unconformities:

A

Angular Unconformity, Nonconformity, and Disconformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 4 ways of rock dating:

A

Fission Track Dating; Radiocarbon Dating; K-Ar Dating; Rubidium-Strontium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who discovered unranium?

A

Henry Becquerel, 1896

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Marie Currie discover?

A

Radium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do radioactive isotopes decay?

A

Spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Alpha decay?

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted from nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Beta decay?

A

An electron emitted from a neutron in nucleus. Neutron is changed to proton. Atomic number increases by 1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What composes a Step-wise decay?
A Radon occurrence (colorless, odorless, gas, dense) 3.8 day half life.
26
Name the 3 radon source rocks:
Black shales, some granites, light volcanoes (rhyolites)
27
What are half lives for?
Measuring the decay rate from parent to stable daughter element. 1/2 of remaining parent lost at each step.
28
What are unconformities?
Gaps in the rock record... Erosion or times without deposition
29
What can be used for relative dates?
Index (guide) Fossils
30
What are the six principles of relative dating?
``` Principle of superposition Principle of original horizontality Lateral continuity Cross-cutting relationships Principle of inclusions Principle of fossil succession ```
31
Are rocks older at the top or bottom of depositions?
Bottom
32
What is a xenolith?
"Foreign rock"
33
What is relative time?
Getting the layers in order
34
What is geologic time?
A timeless present to deep time
35
What was the name of the man in Ireland 1654 that believed to discover nightfall preceding in the creation of Earth? When was this date?
Bishop Ussher... October 23, 4004 BC
36
What happened in Buffon, France 1750?
Discovery that molten iron cooling was 75,000 yrs ago
37
How long is the rate of sedimentation?
1 mil - 1 bil yrs
38
What did Lord Kelvin (1860's) believe?
Heat loss of cooling Earth 20 - 100mya
39
What are 2 common metamorphic rocks?
Foiliated and Non-Foiliated
40
Which rock is the most metamorphosed?
Gneiss
41
Which rock is the least metamorphosed?
Slate
42
What is a migmatite?
Metamorphic rock partially mixed/melted with granites.
43
What is a mylonite?
Smeary, ductile rock crushed/deformed at depth.
44
What is quartzite's parent rock?
Quartz Sandstone
45
Limestone (calcite) is the parent rock of what?
Marble
46
Name non-foiliated rocks:
Marble, Quartz SS, ...
47
What does the Torino Scale describe?
Asteroid threats
48
Name the types of metamorphism:
Contact meta, Regional meta, Hydrothermal meta, Shock meta
49
Which metamorphism has black smokers? Where are they found?
Hydrothermal meta. Found on sea floors near spreading ridges. (800*F)
50
What is the shape of the shock metamorphism meteor impact in Russia?
Tunguska Butterfly
51
What are fusion crusts on meteorite fragments called?
Spherulites; tektites
52
What are aureoles?
Metamorphic halos
53
What are skarns?
Ore deposits of granite and limestone
54
He big was the shock metamorphic impact in Russia 1927?
150ft object, 800 square miles affected, 20 miles blowdown area
55
Which impact was concentrated with Iridium?
Yucatan impact
56
How strong was the Yucatan impact?
Energy of 10 million Hiroshima bombs
57
What caused massive extinctions in the Yucatan impact?
Massive tsunamis of the interior seaways, aroused dust and ash, massive forest fires due to fireballs.
58
What did dust cause from the impact?
Darkness; Deep freeze on plants and food chain.
59
What did carbon from limestone cause?
Massive greenhouse effects
60
How many documented recent near miss hits were there?
300
61
What is shock metamorphism?
Tremendous temperature and pressure at meteor impact sites
62
What is hydrothermal metamorphism?
Alteration of rocks by hot water
63
What is regional metamorphism?
Vast areas. Burial metamorphism when over 6mi deep.
64
What heat is met between converging plates?
Dynamothermal
65
What breaks off of parent rock?
Protoliths
66
What are the two types of pressure?
Litho static pressure and Directed pressure
67
What types of rock is metamorphism between?
Igneous (melting) and Sediment conditions
68
What are the misc. sediment rocks?
Inorganic carbonate, dolostone, chert, and coal.
69
What is the effect of heat?
Speeds up chemical reactions
70
What is the effect of pressure?
1 bar of atmospheric pressure at the surface (sea level)

Geology Cont... (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions