Geog: Unit 4

Question 1

Define and describe urbanisation

Answer 1

The increasing proportion or percentage of a population in urban areas and is the growth of urban areas at the expense of rural areas

Question 2

Define and describe urban growth

Answer 2

Occurs when there is an increase in the number of urban dwellers but not necessarily the proportion of urban dwellers

Possible to have urban growth without urbanisation but not urbanisation without urban growth

Question 3

What are the three urban and rural settlements

Answer 3

1. Urban settlements
2. Rural settlements
3. Primate city (E.g. Perth)

Question 4

Describe urban settlements

Answer 4

Settlements where most of the population is involved in secondary industry (e.g. manufacturing) or tertiary industries (e.g. retail, professional, financial services)

They have a higher functional complexity than rural settlements

Question 5

Describe rural settlements

Answer 5

Centre in which the majority of the population is engaged in activities associated with primary industries
Most common form is a farmstead

Question 6

Describe the function of rural and urban settlements

Answer 6

Rural:       (DDSP)
Dormitory (sleep)
Storage (silos)
Distribution (movement of timber/minerals)
Production and processing (mine sites)

Urban: (DDSP PA)
The same plus:
Providing goods and services (specialised shops and offices)
Administration (management of government and businesses)

Question 7

Types of urban models

Answer 7

Concentric zone model

Sector theory model

Multiple nuclei model

Question 8

Describe the process of urbanisation and the impacts for world population growth

Answer 8

Continuing urbanisation + population growth = projected to add 2.5 billion people to world’s urban population by 2050 with nearly 90% of increase occurring in Asia + Africa

Viability of rural and urban areas is dependent on population change, rural towns that suffer from large scale depopulation face challenges as there will me a migration to cities that can support a larger population

As urbanisation occurs, world population growth rate will decrease over time

Question 9

Positive impacts of urbanisation on human wellbeing

Answer 9

+
Greater life expectancy, education, health, etc due to access to more services like health care and education

Cheaper + less environmentally damaging to provide things like transport, electricity, sanitation, housing to urban places

Question 10

Negative impacts of urbanisation on human wellbeing

Answer 10

-
Urbanisation and rapid unplanned urban growth can affect sustainable development, and can cause pollution, congestion and crime

Can cause creation of shanty towns, over 900 million people live in them
Slums are vulnerable to natural disasters

Question 11

Define human wellbeing

Answer 11

The quality of life of a population, including both objective factors (eg. life expectancy) and subjective factors (eg. surveys of happiness)