Geographies of human wellbeing

Question 1

What are the elements of SPICESS

Answer 1

Space, place, interconnection, change, environment, sustainability, scale

Question 2

Types of indicators used to measure wellbeing

Answer 2

qualitative, quantitative, social, economical

Question 3

what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative indicators?

Answer 3

Qualitative is often subjective and can not be easily measured or calculated. An example of this indicator could be describing an aspect of quality of life (sense of security). Whereas, Quantitative indicators are objective, observable and can be easily measured or calculable like the life expectancy in a country.

Question 4

What are social indicators?

Answer 4

Measure demographic social and health measures eg- population growth, literacy, and life expectancy.

Question 5

What are environmental indicators?

Answer 5

Environmental indicators assess resources that provide us with the means for social and economic development and gauge the health of the environment in which we live.

Question 6

What does MEDC stand for?

Answer 6

More economically developed country

Question 7

What does LEDC stand for?

Answer 7

Less economically developed country

Question 8

Definition of poverty

Answer 8

not having enough money to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or doctors’ clinic to go to, not having land to live on, not having a job to earn your living.

Question 9

define absolute poverty

Answer 9

Struggle to secure a daily meal and safe drinking water.

Question 10

Relative poverty

Answer 10

individuals/families with low incomes or other resources relative to other individuals/families.

Question 11

Poverty line

Answer 11

benchmark living standards

Question 12

chronic poverty

Answer 12

hunger, undernutrition, illiteracy, lack of access to safe drinking water and basic health services, social discrimination, physical insecurity, political exclusion, and premature death from preventable disease.

Question 13

Population distribution

Answer 13

the spread of people across the globe

Question 14

Population density

Answer 14

number of people within a given area, usually per km square

Question 15

life expectancy

Answer 15

The number of years a person can expect to live, based on the average living conditions within a
country

Question 16

Natural increase

Answer 16

the difference between the birth rate (births per thousand) and death rate (deaths per
thousand). It does not include changes to migration

Question 17

Fertility Rate

Answer 17

average number of children born per woman

Question 18

Replacement Rate

Answer 18

number of children each women would need to have in
order to ensure a stable population level i.e. ‘replace’ the children’s parents.

Question 19

what is the current fertility rate in Australia?

Answer 19

2.1

Question 20

Limitations and assumptions of the demographic transition model

Answer 20

Not all countries go through a process of development.
Industrialised
Doesn’t account for pandemics or natural disasters that can affect natural increases in population
doesnt account for war and migration

Question 21

What occurs in stage 1 of the Demographic transition model?

Answer 21

High birth rate + high death rates= Slow or stable increase

Question 22

What occurs in stage 2 of the Demographic transition model?

Answer 22

High birth rate + rapid falling death rate = very rapid population growth

Question 23

What occurs in stage 3 of the Demographic transition model?

Answer 23

Falling birth rate + falling death rate = population growth slows down

Question 24

What occurs in stage 4 of the Demographic transition model?

Answer 24

low birth rate+ low death rate = stable or slow increase

Question 25

What occurs in stage 5 of the Demographic transition model?

Answer 25

very low birth rate +low death rate = slow increase in population

Question 26

define population structure

Answer 26

Number or percentage of males and females in a particular age group

Question 27

define dependent population

Answer 27

Under 15yo and over 60yo. They are dependent on workers for support either directly or indirectly.

Question 28

define ageing population

Answer 28

Increase number and percentage of people in the 60+ age group.

Question 29

What does space mean in spicess?

Answer 29

Space is the distribution of an area, how it is organised or managed. For example, a place in which you like to watch your favourite show on a certain couch or in a certain room.

Question 30

what does place mean in spicess

Answer 30

place refers to what you think about an area and how you give meaning to an area, for example for some people they might find that to them a room feels like their place that they can be alone to unwind however some people might perceive it as an isolated lonely place.

Question 31

what does interconnection mean in spicess

Answer 31

The relationship between all things, both animate and inanimate, and all processes, both natural and human

Question 32

what does change mean in spicess

Answer 32

how landscapes, land-forms or things have changed over a period of time.

Question 33

what does environment mean in spicess

Answer 33

The concept of environment is about the significance of the environment in human life, and the important interrelationships between human and the environment.

Question 34

what does sustainability mean in spicess

Answer 34

The capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and the lives of other living creatures into the future.

Question 35

What does scale mean in spicess

Answer 35

geographical phenomena and problems can be examined at different spatial levels. Can be from personal to local to regional, national, international or global

Question 36

How does a youthful population affect a countries wellbeing

Answer 36

A youthful population like Kenya has implications on infrastructure, education and employment. A high proportion of youth means that the population has momentum to cause large further growth which places stress on the country resources. However, if they are healthy and well educated they provide a skilled workforce in future years.

Question 37

How does an ageing population affect a countries wellbeing?

Answer 37

An ageing population like Japan has implications in terms of a decreasing workforce and tax base as well as an increased demand on health services. However, the aged population makes a significant economic contribution in terms of voluntary labour, assisting with community projects.