Geography

Question 1

What is a coast?

Answer 1

Where the land meets the sea/ocean

Question 2

What is geology?

Answer 2

The study of rocks including both lithology and geological structure

Question 3

What is geological structure?

Answer 3

The arrangement of strata along a coastline layers

Question 4

What 3 Main elements does geological structure contain?

Answer 4

Strata, Deformation, Faulting

Question 5

What is Dip?

Answer 5

The angle of rock strata in relation to the horizontal in a cliff face

Question 6

What is faulting?

Answer 6

Presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions

Question 7

What are Joints?

Answer 7

Occur in most rocks often regular patterns dividing rock strata into blocks

Question 8

What are fissures?

Answer 8

Much smaller cracks in rocks often centimetres that represent weaknesses erosion can exploit

Question 9

What is lithology?

Answer 9

Different types of rocks and characteristics

Question 10

What is coastal recession?

Answer 10

When the coast retreats due to erosion

Question 11

What is a Psammosere?

Answer 11

A sand dune ecosystem found at low lying coastline at beaches

Question 12

What is a Halosere?

Answer 12

A salt marsh ecosystem found at sheltered areas on a coastline

Question 13

What is transportation?

Answer 13

The movement of sediment within the littoral zone

Question 14

What is traction?

Answer 14

A large piece of sediment pushed along the seabed

Question 15

What is saltation?

Answer 15

Small sediment is carried and bounces along the river/seabed

Question 16

What is suspension?

Answer 16

Small sediment suspended and transported by the sea

Question 17

What is solution?

Answer 17

Chemicals in the water dissolve sediment

Question 18

What is current?

Answer 18

Current is the movement of any body of water in the coastal zone in a certain direction

Question 19

What is longshore drift?

Answer 19

The movement of sediment by backwash and prevailing wind causing backwash to be at an angle

Question 20

What is deposition?

Answer 20

The dropping of sediment that was carried by wind, waves, ice or flowing water

Question 21

What is marine erosion?

Answer 21

The breakdown and carrying of material by the sea

Question 22

What is Rock Strata?

Answer 22

The different layers of rock within an area

Question 23

How do plants stop coastal recession?

Answer 23

. Plant sediment binds sediment particles together making them harder to erode
. Submerged plants growing in sediment provide a protective layer
. Plants protect sediment from wind erosion reducing wind speed

Question 24

What kind of plants grow at the coast?

Answer 24

. Pioneer species
. Halophytes
. Xerophytes

Question 25

What are Halophytes?

Answer 25

Plants that can tolerate salt water roots that are well adapted

Question 26

What are Xerophytes?

Answer 26

Plants that can tolerate extremely dry conditions

Question 27

Factors affecting transportation?

Answer 27

Sediment size, Wave energy, Current Strength, Length of fetch

Question 28

What is weathering?

Answer 28

The breakdown of rocks in situ exploiting weaknesses over a long timespan

Question 29

Different types of weathering?

Answer 29

Biological, Mechanical , Chemical

Question 30

Types of Mass movement?

Answer 30

Rock Fall, Rotational Slumping, Mudflow, Landslide

Question 31

What is sea level change?

Answer 31

Rise of fall in the level of the sea in comparison to the land

Question 32

What is Isostatic change?

Answer 32

A local change in sea level due to land movement

Question 33

What is Eustatic change?

Answer 33

The global change of sea level due to the change of volume in the water

Question 34

What is a ria?

Answer 34

A flooded river valley

Question 35

What is a fjord?

Answer 35

A flooded glacial valley

Question 36

What is depression?

Answer 36

Large amounts of sediment weighing down the seabed

Question 37

What is thermal expansion?

Answer 37

As sea water is heated the volume of water expands

Question 38

When will coastal recession be slowest?

Answer 38

When there are resistant rocks with little mass movement

Question 39

What is a storm surge?

Answer 39

When the surface water level rises due to significant low pressure

Question 40

Ways a coastline can be protected?

Answer 40

Beach Nourishment, Sea wall, Cliff regeneration, Groynes, Offshore break waves, Rip rap, Sand dune regeneration

Question 41

What is sustainable management?

Answer 41

A management strategy that will meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future

Question 42

What are the four main elements of sustainable management?

Answer 42

Environmental, Economic, Social, Political

Question 43

What does SMP stand for?

Answer 43

Shoreline Management plan

Question 44

What are examples of Submergent landforms?

Answer 44

Raised Beach , Stumps