geography Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
A stock or supply of something that has value or purpose
A
resources
2
Q
the three most important resources
A
food, water and energy
3
Q
what area of Africa has the highest number of people with not enough food
A
subsaharan
4
Q
what are the two categories of water scarcity
A
physical and economic
5
Q
what do LIC/NEEs mainly use water for
A
agriculture
6
Q
what percent of food does the UK import
A
40%
7
Q
What type of farming doesn’t use chemicals?
A
organic farming
8
Q
give an example of agribusiness
A
Lynford house farm
9
Q
give an example of organic farming
A
Travascus farm
10
Q
where is the Thar Desert located
A
border of North West India and Pakistan
11
Q
what is the soil like in the Thar Desert
A
infertile, dry and sandy
12
Q
how many people visit the Thar Desert every year
A
tens of thousands, mainly from Pakistan
13
Q
what are the four opportunities in the Thar Desert
A
mineral extraction
tourism
energy
farming
14
Q
what is our hot desert case study
A
Thar Desert
15
Q
give 4 types of energy the Thar Desert has high potential for
A
coal
oil
wind
solar
16
Q
Thar Desert population
A
50 million
17
Q
canal in Thar Desert
A
Indira Ghandi Canal
18
Q
what is the purpose for the Indira Ghandi Canal
A
to help irrigation
19
Q
what was established to reclaim favelas from drug dealers
A
Pacifying Police Units
20
Q
how many power lines have been installed in Rio
A
60 km
21
Q
how many people living in favelas has mains water supply
A
95%
22
Q
how have authorities improved access to education in favelas
A
built universities
23
Q
in the favelas, how many diseases could medical staff detect from going into people’s homes
A
20
24
Q
life expectancy in west of Rio
A
45 years
25
life expectancy in south of Rio
80
26
how many children in Rio continue education past 14
less than half
27
what percent of Rio's water loss is due to leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access
37%
28
what are the main ways water gets lost in Rio
leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access
29
what is a big problem in relation to crime in Rio
drug gangs
30
what is the name of the economy most people work in (in Rio/favelas)
informal
31
what has been done in Rio to coast roads to improve congestion
made them one way
32
how many sewage works have been built in Rio recently
7
33
Give an environmental problem for Rio
water pollution
34
What is the key term for increase in proportion of population that live in towns/cities
rural to urban migration
35
when people move from the countryside to towns/cities
urbanisation
36
how many people need to live in a city to be called a megacity
10 million
37
give one reason why Rio is regionally important
cultural capital of Brazil
38
what percent of Brazil's GDP does Rio produce in industry
5%
39
give one reason why Rio is globally important
christ redeemer wonder of the world
40
what is the biggest category of migrant that moves to Rio
economic
41
what percent of Brazil's employment is in Rio
6%
42
what is the name of the project aimed to improve favelas in Rio
Bairro
43
what is our example of a favela the local authority worked with
Roccina
44
what type of mortgage was made available in Roccina
100%
45
what was done to the hillsides in Roccina
stabilised them
46
what were Roccina residents given access to
clean drinking water
47
give a negative to the Bairro project
lack of skills to upkeep
48
what's the name of the movement of air around earth
global atmospheric circulation
49
the pressure when air rises
low
50
the pressure when air sinks
high
51
the name of the cell between the tropics and the equator
hadley
52
where are the Hadley cells
between the tropics and the equator
53
the name of the winds in the Hadley cell
trade
54
what type of rainfall is at the equator
convectional
55
the name of the effect of the movement of earth on winds
Coriolis effect
56
what's found at the centre of a hurricane
eye
57
climate change's effect on tropical storms
more powerful
58
what category was typhoon haiyan
5
59
how many people died typhoon Haiyan kill
6300
60
how many people were affected by typhoon haiyan
14 million
61
how many evacuation centres were set up in typhoon haiyan
1200
62
one cause of the Somerset floods
storm surge
63
how many houses were flooded due to Somerset floods
600
64
what was the estimated cost of damage due to Somerset flood
10 million
65
how much of the river was dredged after the Somerset flood
8 km
66
what is the evidence of the UK's weather becoming more extreme
increased flooding
67
what is the UK weather system driven by
the jet stream
68
the time in history when a large proportion of the world was frozen
glacial
69
the time between each glacial
interglacial
70
give one piece of evidence for climate change
rising sea level
71
give one piece of historic evidence for climate change
ice caps melting
72
what's the name for orbital changes influencing climate
milankovitch cycles
73
when every 100,000 years the orbit changes from a circle to an oval and back again
eccentricity
74
when every 41,000 years the tilt of the earth's axis moves back and forth
axial tilt
75
when over 26,000 years the earth's axis wobbles
precession
76
dark patches on the sun
sun spots
77
what tectonic landform impacts climate change
volcanoes
78
name a greenhouse gas
pretty easy
79
key term for climate change
enhanced greenhouse effect
80
which wave radiation gets trapped in the atmosphere
long
81
a method of capturing CO2
carbon capture
82
when was the Paris agreement
2015
83
give one way we can adapt to climate change in agriculture
drought resistant crops
84
when bands of hard rock interlock bands of soft rock at right angles to the coast
disconcordant coastline
85
what type of beach is formed on a high energy coast
pebble
86
what are the first dunes called formed around obstacles
embryo
87
once dunes are stabilised by vegetation, what are they called
grey
88
when rocks break away from a cliff, usually due to freeze-thaw
rock fall
89
slump of saturated soil and weak rock fall along a curved surface
rotational slip
90
When rocks break down due to chemical change
chemical weathering
91
rainwater absorbs CO2 becoming acidic
carbonation
92
the movement of sediment in the direction of the prevailing wind
longshore drift
93
how much do sea walls cost
£5-10,000 per metre
94
rock/timber at right angles to the coast
Groyne
95
what do groins do
stop longshore drift to build up a beach
96
how much do groynes cost
£150,000 every 200 metres
97
piles of large boulders at the foot of the cliff
rock armour
98
how much does rock armour cost
£200,000 per 100 metres
99
what is the problem at the Lyme Regis coast
fast erosion
100
how much did the Lyme Regis management scheme cost
£43 million
101
what % of the UK's water supply is used domestically
50%
102
how does the environmental agency manage water
filtering the water
103
give one way groundwater sources can become polluted
leaching from mines
104
what is it called when we transfer water from place to another
transfer
105
why has energy consumption in the UK fallen
decline in industry (importing from other countries)
106
how much energy did the UK aim to be from renewables by 2020
15%
107
How much of the UK's oil and gas reserves been used up
75%
108
relying on importing energy affects our energy ...
security
109
give one reason fossil fuels continue to be important
easy to get
110
an economic impact of nuclear energy
expensive (to build and run)
111
an environmental impact of nuclear energy
radioactive waste
112
an economic impact of wind farms
construction costs
113
2 environmental impacts of wind farms
Habitat destruction, uses a lot of land
114
in 1990 almost 3/4 of the UK's energy came from ...
coal
115
what are two sources of water in the Thar Desert
natural / manmade ponds
| rivers
116
three challenges for development in the Thar Desert
temperature
water
inaccessibility
117
impacts of lack of road development in the Thar Desert
hard to get to work and trade
118
give a form of water management in the Thar Desert
earth dams
119
how can earth dams stop desertification
the water can be used to irrigate crops
120
what does irrigation mean
agricultural term for watering crops
121
what is meant by appropriate technology
the technology that people in an area can realistically use
122
what temperatures can the Thar Desert reach
over 40°C
123
three ways afforestation can stop desertification
Roots stabilise soil
Leaves fall onto the ground for decomposers and creates nutrients in soil
Transpiration creates precipitation
124
two reasons for water shortages in the Thar Desert
high rates of evaporation
| population increase
125
problems with getting water from underground
salty and not good quality
126
What is the population of Rio
6.5 million people live in the city and 13.5 million live in the outskirts
127
What are Rio’s main sevice industries
Banking, finance and insurance
128
What does Rio’s major port export
Coffee, sugar and iron
129
Why has Rio’s population grown
Migration
130
What is the bay called that Rio is built around
Guanabara Bay
131
Where do Rio’s migrants come from
Other south american countries (named) and skilled workers from the UK and US
132
What’s happened to Rio in the last 50 years
Rapid growth due to industry, commerce and tourism
133
What impacts have migrants had to Rio
Larger, more skilled wirkforce
134
When did Rio host the world cup and olympic games
2014; 2016
135
What is the capital if Brazil since 1960
Brasilia
136
What are the 5 categories of social challenges in Rio
```
Water
Energy
Healthcare
Education
Crime
```
137
Healthcare challenges in Rio
Only 55% of people have a local clinic
138
3 education challenges in Rio
A shortage of nearby schools
Poor families can’t afford school
Education compulsory until 14 mean many children drop out to work
139
In 1998, what was a water challenge in Rio?
In 1998, 12% didn’t have access to tap water
140
Energy challenges in Rio
Many people living in poorer parts access electricity illegally which is unsafe
141
What crimes are committed in Rio
Powerful gangs control drug trafficking and murder and kidnapping occour regularly
142
How many ports and airports are in Rio
5 ports and 3 airports
143
What is it called when more water is pumped out of the ground than is replaced?
Over abstraction
144
Two factors affecting water availability
Climate and transportation
145
A disease caused by contaminated water
Cholera
146
An impact of having to walk to get to water
People can’t to work or school in that time
147
Where is the river ganges
Starts to west of Nepal in India and goes into Bangladesh
148
How much raw sewege enters the river Ganges each day
1 billion litres
149
How much untreated water do factories release in the River Ganges per day
200 million litres
150
How much water is used for agriculture globally
70%
151
The River Nile is going to be reduced by how much by 2100
90%
152
How much of Egypt’s food does it import
60%
153
How much has water shortages costed China’s industry
$40 billion
154
What is it called when countries fall out over water
Water conflict
155
How many countries does the Nile flow through
8
156
Give 2 Nepal earthquake primary effects
9,000 died and 8 million affected
| $5 Billion in damages
157
Give 2 Nepal earthquake secondary effects
Tourism badly affected
| Landslide blocked Kali Gandaki river near capital
158
Location of Nepal earthquake
80 km North West of capital
159
Give 3 Chile earthquake primary effects
500 killed, 800 thousand affected
$30 Billion in damages
Santiago airport badly damaged
160
Give 2 Chile earthquake secondary effects
1500km of road destroyed
| Fire at chemical plant in Santiago
