Geography Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Define: Landscape
A
A wide area that have all aspects of the 4 spheres
2
Q
Define: Landform
A
A geologic formation within the landscape
3
Q
Define: Atmosphere
A
The sphere for air
4
Q
Define: Lithosphere
A
The sphere for ground, land, no living things
5
Q
Define: Hydrosphere
A
The sphere for water
6
Q
Define: Biosphere
A
The sphere for living things, animals, plants
7
Q
Define: Plate tectonics
A
Boundaries where geologic movement happens
8
Q
Define: Crust
A
The most outer layer of earth
9
Q
Define: Mantle
A
The widest layer of the earth, just underneath the crust
10
Q
Define: Core
A
The centre of planet earth
11
Q
Define: Convergent boundaries
A
Boundaries that push towards each other
12
Q
Define: Divergent boundaries
A
Boundaries that pulls away from each other
13
Q
Define: Transform boundaries
A
Boundaries that slides past each other
14
Q
Define: Subduction zones
A
One boundary goes on top of the other
15
Q
Define: Fault lines
A
The cracks in the earth’s crust and where there’s movement
16
Q
Define: Fold mountains
A
Mountains that are created where two or more tectonic plates push together
17
Q
Define: Volcanoes
A
An opening or vent in the earth’s surface
18
Q
Define: Earthquakes
A
Shaking and vibration of the earth’s crust due to the movement of the earth’s plates
19
Q
Define: Attrition
A
Rocks collide against each other and break into smaller rocks
20
Q
Define: Abrasion
A
Rocks collide against riverbeds/lithosphere
21
Q
Define: Corrosion
A
(Solution) dissolved chemicals in water react with water and break down the surface
22
Q
Define: Hydraulic action
A
The force of water against rocks and air pockets in cracks, breaking down the rocks
23
Q
In BOLTSS, what’s B?
A
Border
24
Q
In BOLTSS, what’s O?
A
Orientation
25
In BOLTSS, what's L?
Legend
26
In BOLTSS, what's T?
Title
27
In BOLTSS, what's the first S?
Scale
28
In BOLTSS, what's the second S?
Source
29
What are contour intervals?
Join places on topographic map which have the same elevation
30
What are contour lines?
Show areas of same height using lines
31
What are spot heights?
Show height using dot or small triangle with a number next to it
32
What's the word form for scale?
__cm represents ____ cm
33
What are the key characteristics of a rainforest?
Large amount of sunlight, hot, rainfall, elevation - high or low
34
What are the key characteristics of a desert?
Sunlight - high or low, mostly hot, low rainfall, elevation - high or low
35
What's economic value?
Use the environment to make money
36
What's spiritual value?
How different people connect to the land
37
What's aesthetic value?
How pleasing is it to human eye
38
What's cultural value?
Activity and practise that people conduct in landscapes
39
Define: Evaporation
Water turn to gas (water vapour) and rises into the air
40
Define: Transpiration
Water is released into the air as water vapor by plants
41
Define: Infiltration
Water soaks into the earth
42
Define: Run Off
Water that doesn’t soak into the earth, but flows into the rivers
43
Define: Condensation
Water vapor turns back into a clouds
44
Define: Precipitation
When water falls from the sky as rain, hail or snow
45
Define: Water scarcity
Not enough water for people’s needs
46
Define: Glaciers
Huge slow-moving ice
47
Define: Groundwater
Water that sink and stored underground
48
Define: Permafrost
Ground that’s completely frozen for at least 2 year
49
Define: Drought
An area that have too less precipitation for a period of time
50
Define: Flood
An area that have too much precipitation for a period of time
51
Define: el Nino
Super dry weather and very less rainfall
52
Define: La Nina
Lots of rainfall, very wet weather
53
Define: Direct consumption
The direct water you use in everyday activities
54
Define: Indirect consumption
The water we consume by using good and services
55
What are synoptic charts?
A chart that summarises the weather over a big area in a period of time
56
What are isobars?
Lines that represent the weigh of air at that exact point
57
What are high-pressure systems?
NOT HOT – clear sky
58
What are low-pressure systems?
NOT COLD – cloudy sky
59
What are climate graphs?
A graph that shows temperature and precipitation
60
What are choropleth maps?
Use colour to show the amount of certain feature
61
What are cartograms?
Maps that reshape places to show how big the problem is
62
What is latitude?
Invisible lines that travel left to right on maps and globes
63
How does water move through the water cycle?
Evaporation/transpiration, condensation, transportation, precipitation, run-off/infiltration
64
How much water is accessible to humans?
1%
65
How much water is stored as surface water, groundwater, and frozen water?
Surface water – 1%
Ground water – 29%
Frozen water – 79%
66
How ocean currents can influence levels of precipitation?
Cold ocean currents make the air cold which made less rainfall
67
What is orographic rainfall?
When a barrier blocks the movement of wind
68
What is a rain shadow desert?
A place behind the mountain where rain can’t get through
69
What is a catchment?
An area of land that any precipitation would end up in the same river
70
What are Australia’s main sources of fresh water?
Surface water, Ground water, Desalinated water, Recycled water
71
What is a natural hazard?
An extreme and unnatural event
72
How does el Nino creates drought conditions and what are the impacts?
No having rain for a long time and can't use water for everyday use
73
How does La Nina creates flooding conditions and what are the impacts?
Having too much rain in a period of time and it's hard to live in shelter, traffic problems, evacuated from houses, clean up, shops have to close
74
Define: Globalisation
The growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations
75
Define: Technology
An advanced technology that have all scientific knowledge
76
Define: Transport
The action of moving a person or thing from one place to another
77
Define: Communications
The act of transferring information to others
78
Define: Tourism
When people travel to other places for leisure
79
Define: Production
Making or manufacturing something from components or raw materials
80
Define: Consumption
Using a resource
81
Define: Culture
Beliefs, social and ways of a community, religious or social group
82
Define: Population pyramid
A two bar graph that shows sex and age in a country
83
How to calculate percentages?
The outcome times by total then times by 100
84
What's expanding population pyramid?
Large birth rate, high death rates (pyramid)
85
What's contracting population pyramid?
Stable birth rate, stable death rate (rectangle)
85
What's stationary population pyramid?
High life expectancy (honey cone)
86
Define: Social infrastructure
Facilities that support social services
87
Define: Employment
Giving people jobs
88
Define: Walkability
How well is it to walk in an area
89
Define: Housing
A space or building for people to live in
90
Define: Green infrastructure
Natural spaces/areas (parks)
91
Define: Ambient environment
An environment that affect people but people can’t effect by it
92
What's vertical aerial photo/image?
Taken from above
93
What's oblique aerial photo/image?
Taken from side view (can see horizon)
94
What's ground-level photo/image?
Taken from the ground
95
What's satellite photo/image?
Taken by satellite
96
What are push factors?
A factor or reason which encourages someone to leave their place of residence
97
What are pull factors?
A factor or reason which encourages people to move to that place
98
What are environmental factors?
A factor or reason which is provided by the natural factors
99
What are human factors?
A factor or reason which is provided by the population that lives in the area
