Geography 130 Finals studying Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
The professional practice of map making
A
Cartography
2
Q
Classical geography is characterized by which major geographical traditions?
A
Literary and mathematical
3
Q
The medieval T-O maps depicted religious symbols rather than actual facts. True or False?
A
True
4
Q
The Islamic geographer, Al-Idrrsi, placed Arabia at the map centre and which direction at the top of the map?
A
South
5
Q
What feature was placed at the centre of the Mercator map (c.1595)?
A
The north pole
6
Q
The ancient g Greek maps were inaccurate and lacked astronomical and mathematical expertise. True or False?
A
False
7
Q
The term placeness is used by geographers to identify landscapes that lack economic development, such as retail shops. True or False?
A
False
8
Q
Traditional Chinese culture has viewed people as part of nature; Europeans typically viewed humans as separate from nature. True or False?
A
True
9
Q
Approximately what percentage of traditional fruit and vegetable species have been lost in the USA?
A
90%
10
Q
Who produced the first gazetteer (collection of maps) of the world based on a global grid system?
A
Ptolemy
11
Q
Because maps represent influence, control and power, governments have always held authority over map making. True or False?
A
False
12
Q
Which person in ancient Greece coined the word geography?
A
Eratoshenes
13
Q
Teleology refers to?
A
The doctrine that the earth was designed by God for humans
14
Q
Which theoretical approach tends to exclude the individual human element from the research process?
A
Positivsm
15
Q
The theory of possibilism advocates?
A
Human activity is determined by choices that humans make
16
Q
Who is regarded as the father of geography?
A
Eratosthenes
17
Q
A research approach that focuses on Marxism, post-modernism, and feminism tends to search out problems associated with inequality and lack of social justice. True or False?
A
True
18
Q
The concept of topophilia was introduced by?
A
Yi-Fu Tuan
19
Q
What type of research focuses on the social significance of gender and the unequal distribution of power between gender?
A
Feminist research
20
Q
Which of the following is an important characteristic of globalization?
A
The dominance of transnational corporations
21
Q
Time–space convergence refers to an increase in the friction of distance between locations. True or False?
A
False
22
Q
Which of the following philosophies asserts that human geography can be studied in a manner comparable to any other science?
A
Humanism
23
Q
What is the “Bible Belt” of the American South and Midwest an example of?
A
Vernacular region
24
Q
Topophobia is the fear or dislike of which of the following?
A
Place
25
What does the term topophilia mean?
The love of a particular place by an individual
26
What are tariffs?
Taxes or duties that are required to be paid on imports.
27
Opposition to globalization is based on which of the following beliefs?
- benefits to developed world
- benefits are received by a few investors in transnational corporations
- human impacts on the environment are increased through resource extraction
- it contributes to the widening gap between the rich and the poor
28
Transnational corporations are able to undermine national economies due to their fixed locations in major North American cities. True or False?
False
29
Globalization is seen as benefiting the more developed world at the expense of the less developed world. True or False?
True
30
Resources that regenerate naturally within a human lifespan are known as:?
Renewable resources
31
What does the term crude birth rate refer to?
Total number of live births in a given period for every 1,000 living people
32
The term fertility is used specifically to refer to?
The ability of a woman to conceive
33
The measure of the number of children that are born to women of child-bearing age in the population is referred to as?
Actual Birth Rate (ABR)
34
Because of population momentum, total world population continues to do?
Grow rapidly
35
Given a world crude birth rate of 21 and a world crude death rate of 9, what would the world rate of natural increase be?
12 per 1,000
36
When would the rate of natural increase (RNI) in a population have a value of zero?
CBR = CDR
37
According to Marx, population growth was not a population problem, but a resource distribution problem caused by?
Capitalism
38
A situation in which one country is economically dominated by another is known as:
Dependency
39
Ancient civilizations developed in some areas due to a transition from what to what?
Hunting and gathering to agricultural societies
40
Which country ranked highest on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2014
Norway
41
The Human Development Index is based on three goals of development, including?
Life expentancy, education, and income
42
The investment of capital into manufacturing plants located in countries other than the one where the company is based is called:
Foreign direct investment
43
According to the world systems theory, Britain, France, the Netherlands, the US, Germany, and Japan belong to which?
Core states
44
Although the Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of people without access to clean drinking water was met in 2012, there are still approximately how many people lacking access to clean drinking water globally?
1.1 billion
45
The United Nations defines globalization as the accumulation of private wealth. True or False?
True
46
Those opposed to globalization often make claims that globalization leads to:
- Pollution
- Rapid resource extraction
- Destruction of ecologically sensitive landscapes
47
Canada’s population represents approximalty what percentage of the world total population?
0.5%
48
In the video by Hans Rosling, Global Population Growth, Box by Box, he suggested that population growth will only be leveled out, and controlled, through:
Raising the living standards of the global poorest
49
Which of the following map scales best describes a large scale map?
1:100
50
Using past climate records to predict future climate patterns will become more important with climate change. True or False?
False
51
The three recurring themes in hman geograghy are globalization, dependency and climate change. True or False?
False
52
Building a sea wall to combat rising water levels is an example of ________?
Adaptation
53
What is Crude Death Rate?
Total number of deaths per 1000 people
54
Saskatchewan’s CO2 emissions per capita (per person) are about the same as the Canadian national average. True or False?
False
55
Saskatchewan’s largest emitter of Green House Gases by sector at 32% of total is:
Oils and Gas
56
Reducing the sources of greenhouse gas emissions is an example of mitigation: True or False?
True
57
The discovery of the clay tablet Nuzi map of 2200 BCE was in present day:
Northern Iraq
58
Greek scholars initiated the mathematical and literary traditions in geography. True or False?
True
59
Because of early exploration, discovery, and map making, continental mapping was more accurate for far away places than near places. True or False?
False
60
The latin term Terra Nullius was used by colonial governments to:
- Claim ownership over new lands
- Expand territorial control
- Establish a sovereign state and legal system
- Spread colonial rule and Christianity
61
To view a single map showing all the countries of Africa, the most helpful map would have a scale of about:
1:100000
62
During the Middle Ages, map making and new scientific knowledge flourished to expand the field of geography. True or False?
False
63
Land values tend to (_________) when moving from rural areas to the city centre.
increase
64
In all ancient maps, such as the T-O map, north was always shown at the top of the map. True or False?
False
65
Cascadia and the US Bible Belt are examples of a formal region. True or False?
False
66
The term “place” in geography refers to a location but also a set of values we associate with that place. True or False?
True
67
Globalization has a tendency to minimize, integrate, and replace …
```
Space
Location
Place
Region
Distance
```
68
The popular book to come out of the World Commission on Environment and Development (1983) is called:
Our Common Future
69
The Chairperson for the World Commission on Environment and Development (1983) was: a. The head of the United Nations
A former Prime Minister of Norway
70
Hybrid and full electric vehicles are a good example of:
Weak sustainability
71
Sustainable development is impossible to quantify, or measure, therefore it is not a helpful concept. True or False?
False
72
The opposite of Frontier Economics in the 1960s era was:
Deep ecology
73
What percentage of the provincial greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are from Saskatoon?
about 8%
74
In Saskatoon, the percentage of GHG emissions from the transporation sector between 2003 and 2014 has:
Increased by almost 90%
75
The benefits of no-till farming include:
- Less soil erosion
- Conserves water
- Improves health of soil
- Lower labour and fuel costs
76
The urban community garden movement has the benefits of:
- Fresh food
- Affordability
- Building social capital
- Health and exercise
77
Why was there unprecedented exploratory activity in Europe between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries?
- To establish trade routes
- The establishment of centres of geographic analysis
- Advanements in printing technology used for maps
- To spread Christianity
78
Three types of Human Geography?
- Human/ land interaction (activities of human beings)
- Regional studies (to facilitate the task of writing about the world)
- Spatial Analysis (Locations "Locational Regularities")
79
Goal of Human Geography?
- writing about human world to increase our understanding of it
- changing political divisions
- impacts of globalization
- Modernization (demographic, cultural, and economic)
- changing quality of life
80
Tera Nullius (Latin Expression)
"Nobody's Land"
81
T-O Map
east at top, Jerusalem at the centre
82
Longest lasting civilization in the world inevitably made important contributions to geographic knowledge?
Geography in China
83
Major contributions of The Age of European Overseas Movement?
- Exploration (Maps and Books)
- Mapping (Ortelius produced the first modern atlas)
- Geographic Description (Describe the world they know) Mercator Map
84
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Best known for his work in logic and metaphysics (spatial context) (regional study)
85
Definition: objective, remove personal experiences, spatial analysis of damaged areas
What type of researcher is this?
Positivist Researcher
86
Definition: subjective, records individual experiences of people, situations, interview people
What type of researcher is this?
Humanistic Researcher
87
Definition: verifying damage, measurement focus on extent, response, numeric focus
What type of researcher is this?
Empirical Researcher
88
Definition: role of capital accumulation, how has wealth creation caused the disaster, increased human risk
What type of researcher is this?
Marxist Researcher
89
Definition: what role has gender played in damage recovery? Uneven exposure to risk, recovery
Feminist Researcher
90
First law of Geography
Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things
91
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
Globalization increases both the quantities of goods, information, and people moving across national boundaries and the speed with which they do so.
92
TNC
Trans-National Country (operate, beyond, international borders) including U.S, Europe, and Japan
93
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
- United States defines globalization as a Free Trade and Removal of Tariffs.
- However, most economics defines it as the assimilation of national economies into one huge international investment, migration, trade, and capital flow
94
Definition: the investment of capital into manufacturing plants located in countries other than the one where the company is based. What is this?
Foreign Direct Investment
95
What are the two major benefits of Globalization?
- multi-lateral agreements
| - Montreal 1987 Protocol, limit production of CFOs
96
Definition: refers to the idea that our current way of life can not continue indefinitely and that we will have to find a different way of life on this planet.
Sustainability (1970s)
97
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
"Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
98
This is a type of sustainability that has the definition of: replacement, new technologies, pricing to overcome depletion (nuclear, hybrid vehicles, etc...)
WEAK SUSTAINABILITY
99
This is a type of sustainability that has the definition of: must retain same natural capital inventory for next generation
STRONG SUSTAINABILITY
100
Fertility measures includes:
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
101
Mortality measures includes:
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Life Expentancy (LE)
102
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
Rate of Natural Increase Rate (RNI) = CBR - CDR
103
endemic
local scale diseased centre in a specific area
104
epidemic
regional scale
105
pandamic
a disease spread across multiple countries, global scale
106
A ____ is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business and leisure space withing walking distance of public transport
Transit Oriented Development or TOD
107
Movement, distance between, private realm, social exclusion, auto-mobility; or ability to move between places.
Mobility
108
Proximity, connectivity, public realm, social inclusion. transit
Accessibility
109
The process of renovating and improving a house or district so that it conforms to middle-class taste.
Gentrification
110
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
Pre-industrial economies: 32% of GDP derived from agriculture, 68% population engaged in agriculture
111
Refers to the activities of transnational corporation
Agribusiness
112
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
- Over 80% of Canadians are now urban dwellers
| - Canada once used population plus density
113
Curve Streets
- lower density
- new cul-de-sac
- automobility
114
Grid Streets
- higher density
| - grid layout
115
a function of (precipitation rate and infiltration rate)
Run-off Rate
116
a function of (soil texture, soil moisture, vegetation cover)
Infiltration
117
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
| Changes in Water Balance:
- Urbanization brings increased surface flow, less interflow/ baseflow, less interception, less transpiration
- Urbanization brings increase in peak flow, decrease in baseflow
118
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
| Water in Canada
- 25% of world's wetlands
- 9% of Canada total area covered by freshwater
- 10% of world's dlow of freshwater
- more lakes than any other countries (8% of area)
- more water per capita than any other large country
119
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THIS!!!
| Water Realities in Canada
Reality #1: We do not have a water superabundance
Reality #2: Canadians pay very little for water ($0.31 per meter cube)
Reality #3: Canadians among world's highest users of water (335 litres)
