Geography

Question 1

State the term that means use of energy

Answer 1

Consumption

Question 2

State the term that means making energy.

Answer 2

Production

Question 3

State the term that means a country produces more energy than it needs.

Answer 3

Surplus

Question 4

State the term that means a country produces less energy than it needs.

Answer 4

Deficit

Question 5

State the term that describes the situation when a country has an energy deficit and can’t get the energy it needs from other places.

Answer 5

Energy Insecurity

Question 6

What equation helps work out whether a country has an energy surplus or an energy deficit?

Answer 6

Production - Consumption = Energy surplus or deficit.
(if positive number it is a surplus)

Question 7

Name three countries with high levels of energy production.

Answer 7

USA, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia

Question 8

Name three countries with high levels of energy consumption.

Answer 8

USA, China, Russia, India

Question 9

State three reasons global energy consumption is increasing.

Answer 9

Economic development.
Population growth
Technological development

Question 10

How does Economic development In LICs and NEEs (newly emerging economies) cause an increase in consumption?

Answer 10

Increased industry which uses a lot of energy.
Increased wealth of citizens who buy cars, scooters and electrical appliances.

Especially countries like India and China.

Question 11

Why energy consumption in LICs increased by population growth?

Answer 11

Contraception is less widely available or used.
People choose to have large families so children can work on farms and in factories to support the family.

Question 12

Describe what has happened to the UK’s energy consumption over the last 20 years?

Answer 12

It has decreased gradually

Question 13

State why the UK’s energy consumption has decreased over the last 20 years.

Answer 13

Increased efficiency of technology (using less energy)
Less factories are operating in the UK now.

Question 14

State two reasons why the UK’s energy consumption has decreased in the last five years.

Answer 14

Energy prices have increased.
The coronavirus pandemic

Question 15

Name three fossil fuels

Answer 15

Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas

Question 16

State another name for fossil fuels.

Answer 16

Hydrocarbons

Question 17

Name three renewable energy sources

Answer 17

Solar, wind, Tidal, Biomass, Hydroelectric power

Question 18

What term refers to all the different sources of energy a country has?

Answer 18

The energy mix

Question 19

Describe the changes to the UK’s energy mix over the last 20 years.

Answer 19

Coal has decreased a lot.
Natural gas has increased.
Nuclear has decreased slightly
Wind has increased significantly

Question 20

State what coal is made from

Answer 20

Dead organic matter - dead plants in swampy environments

Question 21

State what petroleum and natural gas are made from

Answer 21

Dead organic matter - Zooplankton and phytoplankton that die and are deposited in layers at the bottom of the ocean.

Question 22

State what dead organic matter gets covered with.

Answer 22

Sediments like clay and sand which build up to form sedimentary rocks.

Question 23

What conditions are needed to turn dead organic matter into fossil fuels.

Answer 23

Heat and pressure

Question 24

State the two types of environmental issues caused by burning fossil fuels.

Answer 24

Climate change
Air pollution

Question 25

Why are LICs most at risk of illnesses related to air pollution?

Answer 25

Burn a lot of coal because it's cheap. Older cars burning petrol and diese

Question 26

State problems cause by air pollution for people

Answer 26

Microscopic particles get into the respiratory (breathing) and circulation (blood) systems and cause problems? Heart disease (attacks) Cancers in the lung and brain. Strokes.

Question 27

State problems caused by climate change

Answer 27

Increased drought which causes malnutrition and weakened immune systems so people are more likely to die from diseases like diarrhoea. Mosquitoes spreading into new areas and spreading diseases like malaria to more people.

Question 28

How many additional deaths per year from climate change are expected by 2050?

Answer 28

250000

Question 29

In what type of country will most of the excess deaths from climate change occur in?

Answer 29

LICs

Question 30

Which countries are investing in the most new coal energy power stations?

Answer 30

China, India, South Korea and Indonesia

Question 31

Why is the cost of fossil fuels an advantage?

Answer 31

It's cheap

Question 32

State four other advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 32

High energy density fuel Abundant and easily accessible Stable fuel (won’t react) Easy to transport

Question 33

Why are HICs dependent on fossil fuel use

Answer 33

Technology is adapted to them Expensive to change Reduced profits for business

Question 34

Why are fossil fuels attractive to LICs?

Answer 34

They are cheap Rapidly growing populations Economic development Which means they need a lot of energy but don’t have much money to invest.

Question 35

What is coal mainly used for?

Answer 35

Burning in power stations to produce electricity. Steel manufacturing

Question 36

What is petroleum mainly used for?

Answer 36

Transportation after it has been refined into diesel, petrol and aviation fuel. Plastics Oils and lubricants

Question 37

What is natural gas mainly used for?

Answer 37

Burning in power stations to produce electricity Heating and cooking in homes

Question 38

How long will coal reserves last?

Answer 38

139 years

Question 39

How long will petroleum reserves last?

Answer 39

54 years

Question 40

How long will natural gas reserves last?

Answer 40

49 years

Question 41

Which type of energy is generated from splitting Uranium atoms?

Answer 41

Nuclear energy

Question 42

What is the name for the process of splitting uranium atoms?

Answer 42

Nuclear fission

Question 43

What is the name for the place in which the fission process is carried out?

Answer 43

Nuclear reactor

Question 44

Explain why nuclear reactors are always built near large rivers or the coast.

Answer 44

Because they need large amounts of water to cool the reactor which gets very hot.

Question 45

Explain why Nuclear power is not a renewable resource

Answer 45

Because there are finite reserves of uranium. It will run out.

Question 46

How long are the supplies of Uranium projected to last?

Answer 46

200 years

Question 47

Which countries have large reserves of uranium for mining

Answer 47

Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia, Russia.

Question 48

State the advantages of nuclear energy

Answer 48

It doesn’t produce greenhouse gases It is reliable and power can be increased when needed. It's a high density fuel making it easier to transport to where the energy is needed.

Question 49

State the disadvantages to Nuclear fuel

Answer 49

The waste is toxic. The waste is very expensive to store The risk of nuclear meltdown It’s expensive to build new reactors.

Question 50

State two nuclear meltdowns that have occurred in the past

Answer 50

Chernobyl, Ukraine. April 1986 - caused by operator error during a test. Fukushima, Japan. March 2011 - after a large earthquake caused a tsunami which damaged the power station.

Question 51

Define renewable energy resources

Answer 51

Methods of energy production that utilise resources that won’t run out

Question 52

Define intermittent

Answer 52

occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady

Question 53

State the advantages of wind energy

Answer 53

No greenhouse gases are emitted. Infinite energy supply Low operating costs makes it a cheap source of energy.

Question 54

State the terms for wind farms located at sea

Answer 54

Offshore wind farms

Question 55

State the disadvantages of wind power

Answer 55

Intermittent so unreliable Creates noise pollution Is an ugly addition to the landscape Blades can strike birds and bats.

Question 56

State the term for wind turbines built on land.

Answer 56

On-shore wind farms

Question 57

Name the type of renewable energy that uses the power of flowing water to turn a turbine and generate power.

Answer 57

Hydroelectric power

Question 58

What is the name for the large wall that blocks a river?

Answer 58

A dam

Question 59

State the name for the manmade lake that builds up behind a dam.

Answer 59

A reservoir

Question 60

What % of the world’s renewable energy comes from Hydroelectric power?

Answer 60

70%

Question 61

State what determines how much power a hydroelectric dam can produce?

Answer 61

The head - the height that the water falls.

Question 62

Name the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.

Answer 62

The Three Gorges dam on the Yangtze river, China.

Question 63

State the advantages of hydroelectric power.

Answer 63

The reservoir makes the river channel deeper and wider allowing ships and trade further upstream. The reservoir traps heavy rain and releases gradually, so reducing floods downstream. It doesn’t produce greenhouse gas emissions. It can be turned up or down easily responding to demand.

Question 64

State what other technology is needed to make intermittent renewable source of energy useful.

Answer 64

Batteries to store energy for times when demand is higher or when the sun isn’t shining or wind isn’t blowing.

Question 65

State a potential battery solution for intermittent renewable energy.

Answer 65

Electric vehicles can store energy in their batteries and sell back to the grid when needed.

Question 66

What renewable source of energy does the UK produce more of than any other country?

Answer 66

Offshore wind power