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Geograpy 135 > Geography 135 > Flashcards

Geography 135 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Multiculturalism

A

The doctrine that many different cultures can and should coexist peacefully and equitably in the same space.

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2
Q

Ethnicty

A

A group with a common origin and cultural tradition and cultural hearth/homeland that exists within a host culture
We are born into it

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3
Q

Problems of with the word ethnic and its meaning?

A

The way we use it

“Mexican Americans is a language base”

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4
Q

Functions of Ethnic groups

A 
Still exists
Keepers of tradition
Have political power base
Business successes
Friendship/marriage
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5
Q

How does perception play into ethnicity?

A

May not see eye to eye
Dont understand dynamics of other groups
Stereotyping
Who’s defining the ethnicity?

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6
Q

Acculturation

A

A group changes enough to function within a host society

Ex: clothing changes

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

Complete blending with the host society
US and Canada
US is often called a melting pot
Canada is often called a tossed salad

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8
Q

Can a ethnic group assimilate?

A

There is some connecting of cultures

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9
Q

Nationality

A

An identity within a group of people who share legal attachment or personal allegiance to a particular country

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10
Q

Race

A

An artificial classification based on minor biological/genetic differences
Ex: Jim Crow Law

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11
Q

Does racism still exist in the US?

A

Yes, because of recent police brutality in the news and many other issues
Past generations hold grudges

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12
Q

Ethnicity and Diversity

A

Mixed ethnicities

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13
Q

Language

A

Spanish and Portuguese

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14
Q

Creole

A

A mixture of native and new languages

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15
Q

Haciendas and Plantations

A

Land use management types

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16
Q

Religion

A

Christian, some indigenous religion

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17
Q

Population Distribution

A

Latin American inland
Most live in cities
Primate city: overwhelming impact

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18
Q

Doctrine of 1st Effective Settlement

A

First culture to effectively dominate an area will have the largest lasting effects on it

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19
Q

Colonization

A

The patter of one country asserting power in establishing a reliance abroad to increase economic power and wealth back home
Began in 1492

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20
Q

Imperialism

A

Expansion of a countries territory over another, often an unequal relationship centered on domination

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21
Q

Post-colonialism

A

Study of the impacts of colonialism

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22
Q

How is colonialism still alive in Latin America?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Food: bananas and fruit
Missionary work
Panama canal
Drugs/oils
Cuba
23
Q

Development

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A

Process of improving the conditions of people, usually economically, through diffusion of knowledge, technology and finance

24
Q

Policies and Funding to promote development:

Study These Flashcards
A

Policies: self-sufficiency, global trade and fair trade
Funding: loans (IMF/world bank), micro-loans

25
Neocolonialism
Using economic, political and cultural controls to influence another country (often a former colony)
26
Globalization
Increased linkages between cultures breaking down traditional barriers and making traditional borders less meaningful
27
Nation
A group of people who share a common cultural background and history Family-Clan-Tribe-NATION Diff from ethnicity? Ethnicity is a minority culture within a nationality
28
State
A legalized territory with an effective independent (sovereign) system of governance
29
Nation-State
When nation and state boundaries coincide | Ex: Iceland, Sweden
30
Boundary
A thin vertical plane with no width that separates two territories
31
What role do boundaries play for nations? States?
Nations: Protection/separation, values States: Distinguish authority, economies, resources, identity
32
Boundary Creation: 4 Types
Description Delimitation (official mapping) Demarcation (physical implementation) Administration (maintenance)
33
Three Types of Morphological Boundary Types
Mathematical/Geometric: straight or curved lines Physiographic (natural): lakes and oceans, ex: Ohio River Ethnographic/Anthropogenic: drawn with respect to cultural things, ex: languages
34
Three Types of Evolutionary Boundary Types
Antecedent: drawn before they settle Subsequent: after cultures plant themselves in place, after wars Superimposed: outside power stating the boundaries they want to see, ex: Africa
35
Relic Boundaries
Ancient boundaries, doesn't function anymore, still see it though Ex: Great Wall of China
36
Centripetal Forces
An attribute, object or influence that unifies people, nations or states Ex: sports, tragedy, holidays
37
Rasion D'etre
"Reason for being" | An idea, ideology, common purpose that binds people together
38
Iconography
A symbol | Ex: Flag
39
Centrifugal Forces
An attribute, object, or influence that tends to disrupt or tear apart people, nation or state. Ex: politics, religion, war
40
Roma People in Europe
Live on less than $12 a day Live 15 years less than the average human Roma women were in the parliament In 2004 they joined the council of Europe They are a transnational nation They get along with other people (centripetal) Different states (centrifugal)
41
Post colonialism in Europe
"More than any other region, Europe has shaped the human geography of the modern world" Ex: Denmark cartoons, London bombing of 2005, Paris attacks
42
Supranational Organizations
Unification of several states/nations into a group that carries out government functions and economic roles for that group of states/nations Ex: United Nations, NATO, European Union
43
Regions Name and Significance
``` Russia and the Near Abroad Post Soviet Region Russia and its Neighbor USSR Sphere of Influence ```
44
USSR
``` Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Iron Curtain Enemies Satellite States Eastern BLOC/communist BLOC Russian/Soviet Empire ```
45
Warsaw Pact
Group of countries that allied themselves to the soviet union
46
Impact of Imperialism
Borders, big countries broken up into smaller countries
47
Multinational States
State with large expansions, many different nations within a state By force an empire become a centripetal force
48
Yugoslavia
``` 5 nationalities 4 languages 3 religions 2 alphabets Many different empires Joseph Tito died, all hell broke loose ```
49
Balkanization
Named after the geographic feature --> Balkan Peninsula | Fragmentation of a region into smaller, other hostile political units (the process)
50
Shatterbelt
Broken up group of countries A region where boundaries have been redrawn many times (the pattern) Ex: Yugoslavia
51
Ethnic Cleansing
The process where a more powerful ethnicity removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region
52
Ethnic Conflict
Longstanding conflict Desire for autonomy Desire for supremacy Fear of oppression
53
Switzerland vs. Yugoslavia
Switzerland: 4 nationalities, 3 religions, no empire, maintained neutral stance, most peaceful country Differences: neutrality, money, ecology of the place Why? Because they haven't had an empire, they govern themselves, physical geography is influenced

Geograpy 135 (1 decks)

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