Geography

Question 1

What is a natural disaster

Answer 1

A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by nature, like an earthquake, flood, or hurricane, that causes damage and loss of life.

Question 2

Why live near a volcano

Answer 2

People may live near volcanoes for reasons like fertile soil for farming, access to geothermal energy, and scenic beauty.

Question 3

Structure of the earth

Answer 3

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 4

What are Convection currents

Answer 4

Convection currents are circular movements in fluids caused by heating. Heated fluid rises, cools, then sinks, creating a continuous flow. In Earth’s mantle, they drive plate tectonics and cause volcanic activity.

Question 5

Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 5

Are just moving past one another. They can be moving in different directions or at the same direction but at different speeds.

Question 6

Constructive plate boundaries

Answer 6

Are moving apart. This further pushes the plates away from each other, called ridge push.

Question 7

Destructive plate boundaries

Answer 7

The oceanic crust Mets as it goes into the mantle. It takes some sea water with it. Over the time it breaks through the surface of the crust as a volcano.

Question 8

Collision plate boundaries

Answer 8

Are moving together, these two plates are of a similar density. Therefore, neither is sub ducted. Instead due to pressure he plates buckle and form old mountains

Question 9

Features of a volcano

Answer 9

Main vent, crater, magma chamber, lava flow, ash cloud, earth cloud, secondary vent

Question 10

Causes of earthquakes

Answer 10

Movement of the tectonic plates or pressure

Question 11

HIC and LIC earthquake

Answer 11

HIC earthquakes cause less damage due to better infrastructure and preparedness, while LIC earthquakes result in more destruction and casualties due to weaker buildings and limited resources.

Question 12

Measuring and responding to earthquakes-MPPP

Answer 12

Measuring and responding to earthquakes involves monitoring with seismographs, preparing through drills and building codes, and providing aid and rescue after the event to reduce damage and save lives.

Question 13

Difference between weather and climate

Answer 13

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, like temperature, humidity, and precipitation, in a specific place at a given time.
Climate is the long-term average of weather patterns in a region over many years.

Question 14

How does latitude affect climate

Answer 14

Latitude affects climate by influencing sunlight. Near the equator (low latitudes) gets more direct sunlight, making it warmer, while higher latitudes receive less, making it cooler.

Question 15

How does altitude affects climate

Answer 15

Altitude affects climate by making temperatures cooler at higher elevations. As altitude increases, the air becomes thinner and less able to hold heat, leading to lower temperatures.

Question 16

Describe relief rainfall

Answer 16

Relief rainfall happens when moist air rises over mountains, cools, and rains on the windward side. The leeward side stays dry, creating a rain shadow.

Question 17

Describe convectional rainfall

Answer 17

Convectional rainfall occurs when the ground heats up, causing air to rise. As the air cools, it condenses and forms rain. This is common in tropical regions.

Question 18

Describe frontal rainfall

Answer 18

Frontal rainfall occurs when warm, moist air meets cold air. The warm air is forced to rise over the cold air, cooling and condensing to form rain.

Question 19

Describe high pressure

Answer 19

occurs when air is dense and sinks, leading to clear skies and calm weather.

Question 20

Describe low pressure

Answer 20

happens when air rises, causing clouds and often stormy weather.

Question 21

GAC latitude

Answer 21

is a pattern of wind flow driven by the Earth’s rotation and varying temperatures at different latitudes. It helps distribute heat around the planet.

Question 22

GAC coriolis

Answer 22

is the deflection of moving air and water due to Earth’s rotation. It causes winds and ocean currents to curve:
In the Northern Hemisphere, winds curve to the right.
In the Southern Hemisphere, they curve to the left.

Question 23

GAC cells

Answer 23

Hadley Cell: Warm air rises at the equator, moves towards the poles, cools, and sinks at 30° latitude, creating trade winds.
Ferrel Cell: Between 30° and 60° latitude, air moves from high to low pressure, forming westerlies.
Polar Cell: Cold air sinks at the poles, moves towards lower latitudes, creating easterlies.

Question 24

Formation of storms

Answer 24

Storms form when warm, moist air rises, cools, and condenses, creating clouds.

Question 25

Structure of storms

Answer 25

Eye, eye wall and rain bands

Question 26

Conditions needed for a storm to happen

Answer 26

Warm, moist air: Provides energy and moisture. Low pressure: Causes air to rise. A trigger: Like a cold front, warm front, or mountain range, that forces air upward.

Question 27

How is the storm affected by climate change in terms of frequency

Answer 27

Likely to become for frequent due to rising sea levels and rising sea temperatures

Question 28

How is the storm affected by climate change in terms of distribution

Answer 28

Moves further north and south of the equator due to rising sea temperatures

Question 29

How is the storm affected by climate change in terms of strength

Answer 29

Wind speed potentially increasing 2-11 percent and rainfall rates during these storms are projected to increase by about 20 percent sea level rise

Question 30

Tell me the locations of some countries in North America

Answer 30

1. Canada: North of the U.S., bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans. 2. United States: South of Canada, bordered by Mexico, the Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. 3. Mexico: South of the U.S., bordered by the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Belize.

Question 31

Where is Canada ubicated ?

Answer 31

1. Canada: North of the U.S., bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans.

Question 32

What is Canada’s temperature

Answer 32

Canada's temperature ranges from freezing cold in the north to milder, temperate conditions in the south, with coastal areas experiencing wetter, milder winters.

Question 33

What is Canada’s type of rainfall

Answer 33

1. Relief rainfall: Common in mountainous areas, where moist air is forced to rise and cool. 2. Frontal rainfall: Occurs when warm and cold air masses meet, causing the warm air to rise and cool. 3. Convectional rainfall: Common in summer, when the ground heats up and causes air to rise, leading to rain.

Question 34

How does polar bears and bear berries adapt in Canada

Answer 34

Polar bears: Thick fur, fat for insulation, white fur for camouflage, and large paws for ice and swimming. Bearberries: Small, leathery leaves to conserve moisture, grow low to avoid cold, and produce red berries for food.

Question 35

Issues of Mexico migrating travel

Answer 35

Mexico faces migration challenges with illegal immigration, violence from cartels, border control issues, economic disparities, and human rights abuses against migrants.

Question 36

Push factors of Mexico and migrations

Answer 36

Push factors driving migration from Mexico include economic hardship, violence from cartels, limited opportunities for education and healthcare, natural disasters, and political instability.

Question 37

Pull factors of Mexico and migrations

Answer 37

Pull factors include better jobs, higher wages, better education and healthcare, safety, and a higher standard of living.

Question 38

What is a natural hazard

Answer 38

A natural hazard is a natural event, such as an earthquake, flood, hurricane, or volcanic eruption, that has the potential to cause harm to people, property, and the environment.

Question 39

Advantages of living near a hazard

Answer 39

Living near a hazard can provide fertile soil, geothermal energy, scenic beauty, and natural resources.

Question 40

Disadvantages of living near a hazard

Answer 40

Disadvantages of living near a hazard include the risk of damage, injury, or death from disasters, property loss, displacement, and economic disruption.

Question 41

Why tectonic hazards occur along a plate boundary

Answer 41

Tectonic hazards occur at plate boundaries due to the movement of plates, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and other events from pressure and friction.

Question 42

Why earthquakes occur?

Answer 42

Because of tectonic plates, Earthquakes occur when stress builds up along fault lines, causing rocks to break and release energy as seismic waves.

Question 43

Are the primary impacts of earthquakes more dangerous than the secondary? Why?

Answer 43

Primary impacts, like ground shaking, cause immediate damage and fatalities, while secondary impacts, such as tsunamis and fires, can be more widespread or deadly.

Question 44

How could you protect against a hazard

Answer 44

To protect against hazards, prepare emergency plans, build safely, stay informed, and strengthen infrastructure.

Question 45

What are the conditions needed for a tropical storm to form

Answer 45

Tropical storms form when warm ocean water causes air to rise, creating a low-pressure system. As air condenses, it releases energy, and light winds allow the storm to grow and rotate.

Question 46

Explain the climate in Canada

Answer 46

Canada's climate ranges from Arctic in the north to temperate in the south, with cold winters, warm summers, and milder coastal regions.

Question 47

What are the causes of the California wildfires

Answer 47

Climate change, human activity, lighting strikes, strong winds

Question 48

What are the impacts of the California wildfires

Answer 48

Loss of life and property, economic costs, health risks, environmental damage, wild life impact