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Mid Years Revision > Geography 🌍 > Flashcards

Geography 🌍 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Define a superpower

A

A superpower is an extremely powerful country, especially one capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful countries. Its power can be felt all over the world

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2
Q

What country has the largest military?

A

USA 🦅

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3
Q

What 5 countries have the highest economic power?

A
  1. USA 🇺🇸
  2. China 🇨🇳
  3. Japan 🇯🇵
  4. Germany 🇩🇪
  5. UK 🇬🇧
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4
Q

What is a BRIC nation?

A

They account for more than 40% of the world’s population and over 20% of global GDP

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5
Q

What countries are BRIC nations?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China

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6
Q

What countries are MINT nations?

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

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7
Q

What are MINT nations?

A

Countries that are growing so well than soon they could become a BRIC nation.

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8
Q

Who was Alfred Wegener and why is he an important individual?

A

He was a geologist who created a theory that all countries used to be joined together in a land called Pangea

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9
Q

Where was the ___________ tsunami in 2011?

A

Japan

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10
Q

When was the biggest tsunami of the 21st centrury

A

2004 Indian ocean tsunami

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11
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

A

The theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move over the asthenosphere.

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12
Q

True or False: The Earth’s crust is a single, unbroken layer.

A

False

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13
Q

What are the two types of crust in plate tectonics?

A

Continental crust and oceanic crust.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The boundary where two tectonic plates meet is called a _____.

A

plate boundary

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15
Q

What are the three main types of plate boundaries?

A

Divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.

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16
Q

Which type of plate boundary is characterized by plates moving apart?

A

Divergent boundary.

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17
Q

What geological feature is commonly formed at divergent boundaries?

A

Mid-ocean ridges.

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18
Q

True or False: Convergent boundaries can lead to the formation of mountains.

A

True

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19
Q

What happens at a convergent boundary?

A

Two plates collide, leading to subduction or mountain formation.

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20
Q

What is subduction?

A

The process where one tectonic plate moves under another plate and sinks into the mantle.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Transform boundaries are characterized by plates that slide ____ each other.

A

past

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22
Q

What is the San Andreas Fault an example of?

A

A transform boundary.

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23
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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24
Q

True or False: The asthenosphere is solid and does not flow.

A

False

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25
What is the asthenosphere?
A semi-fluid layer of the upper mantle that allows tectonic plates to move.
26
What is a hotspot?
An area in the mantle where heat causes molten rock to rise, often creating volcanoes.
27
How do tectonic plates move?
They move due to convection currents in the mantle.
28
What is a rift valley?
A lowland region that forms where tectonic plates are moving apart.
29
Fill in the blank: The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian Plate and the ____ Plate.
Eurasian
30
What is an example of a divergent boundary?
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
31
True or False: Plate tectonics is a theory that explains the movement of continents.
True
32
What is the main driving force behind plate tectonics?
Heat from the Earth's interior.
33
What are tectonic plates primarily made of?
Rock.
34
What is a subduction zone?
A region where one tectonic plate is being forced under another.
35
Fill in the blank: Earthquakes are commonly associated with ____ boundaries.
transform
36
What is the Ring of Fire?
A region in the Pacific Ocean known for its high level of tectonic activity and volcanoes.
37
True or False: Oceanic crust is generally thicker than continental crust.
False
38
What type of plate boundary can lead to the creation of new oceanic crust?
Divergent boundary.
39
What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
The movement of tectonic plates along faults.
40
Fill in the blank: When two continental plates collide, they typically form _____.
mountains
41
What type of geological feature is formed at a transform boundary?
Fault lines.
42
What is the process of plate tectonics responsible for?
The movement of continents, formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
43
What are the two main types of tectonic plate movements?
Horizontal and vertical movements.
44
Fill in the blank: The Pacific Plate is an example of a ____ tectonic plate.
oceanic
45
What is a continental drift?
The gradual movement of continents across the Earth's surface.
46
True or False: The theory of plate tectonics was developed in the 20th century.
True
47
What is meant by the term 'tectonic activity'?
The movement and interactions of tectonic plates.
48
What type of plate boundary is associated with volcanic arcs?
Convergent boundaries.
49
Fill in the blank: The process of tectonic plates moving apart is called _____.
divergence
50
What is a geological feature that can form as a result of subduction?
Trenches.
51
What is the main evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics?
Fossil distribution, geological formations, and seismic activity.
52
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by large disturbances, often due to underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
53
True or False: Tsunamis can only be caused by earthquakes.
False: Tsunamis can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteorite impacts.
54
What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
The primary cause of earthquakes is the movement of tectonic plates along faults in the Earth's crust.
55
Fill in the blank: The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates is called the _______.
focus
56
What is the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus, which is the actual point within the Earth where the earthquake originates.
57
Which scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
The Richter scale.
58
What are the most severe hurricanes classified as?
Category 5 hurricanes.
59
True or False: Hurricanes form over cold ocean waters.
False: Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters.
60
What is the Saffir-Simpson scale used for?
The Saffir-Simpson scale is used to classify hurricanes based on their sustained wind speeds.
61
What is a storm surge?
A storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tide.
62
Fill in the blank: The most powerful earthquake ever recorded was the _______ earthquake in 1960.
Valdivia
63
What is liquefaction in the context of earthquakes?
Liquefaction is a process during which saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, often during an earthquake.
64
What are aftershocks?
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that occur in the same general area during the days to years following a larger event.
65
True or False: A hurricane's eye is the most dangerous part of the storm.
False: The eye is the calm center of the hurricane; the most dangerous part is the eyewall.
66
What is the typical wind speed range for a Category 1 hurricane?
74-95 mph.
67
What is an earthquake's magnitude?
Magnitude is a measure of the energy released during an earthquake.
68
Fill in the blank: The main factor that determines the severity of a tsunami is the _______ of the underwater disturbance.
magnitude
69
What is the term for the area where tectonic plates meet, often leading to earthquakes?
Fault line.
70
What is a tropical depression?
A tropical depression is a weather system with organized thunderstorms and sustained winds of less than 39 mph.
71
What does the term 'hurricane season' refer to?
The period during which hurricanes are most likely to form, typically from June 1 to November 30 in the Atlantic.
72
What is the primary method of tsunami detection?
Tsunami buoys and seismic monitoring.
73
What is the main purpose of a tsunami warning system?
To provide early alerts to populations at risk of impending tsunamis.
74
What is the typical range of wind speeds for a Category 4 hurricane?
130-156 mph.
75
What natural phenomenon can trigger a tsunami aside from earthquakes?
Volcanic eruptions.
76
What is the primary reason for the UK's notoriously bad weather?
The UK's weather is primarily influenced by its geographical location and the Atlantic Ocean.
77
True or False: The UK's weather is mainly determined by continental climate.
False
78
Fill in the blank: The prevailing winds in the UK are predominantly from the _____ .
west
79
What role do the North Atlantic Drift play in UK weather?
The North Atlantic Drift moderates temperatures and brings moist air to the UK.
80
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors contributes to the UK's frequent rainfall? A) Mountain ranges B) High pressure systems C) Proximity to the ocean
C) Proximity to the ocean
81
What is the impact of the Jet Stream on UK weather?
The Jet Stream can bring rapid changes in weather, leading to storms and unsettled conditions.
82
Short Answer: Name one major weather phenomenon that affects the UK's climate.
North Atlantic Oscillation
83
True or False: The UK experiences extreme temperatures year-round.
False
84
What seasonal pattern is commonly observed in UK weather?
Wet and mild winters followed by cool and damp summers.
85
Fill in the blank: The UK's weather can be described as _____ due to its variability.
unpredictable

Mid Years Revision (4 decks)

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