Geography Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
What is geography?
A
A science that deals with the distribution, description, and interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and cultural features of the earths surface.
2
Q
What is geography basically?
A
It deals with the physical and human characteristics of a particular area.
3
Q
What is Canada in terms of size?
A
The 2nd largest in the world behind Russia, and is slightly smaller than all of Europe.
4
Q
How does being a northern country affect Canada?
A
Only 10% of it has an adequate growing season for agriculture
5
Q
What three countries does Canada border?
A
The USA, Denmark, and France
6
Q
How does Canada border Denmark?
A
Through Greenland
7
Q
How does Canada border France?
A
Through two small islands on the south coast of Newfoundland called St. Pierre and Miquelon
8
Q
What is Canada’s northernmost point?
A
Cape Columbia, Ellesmere Island, in Nunavut
9
Q
What is Canadas southernmost point?
A
Middle island in Lake Erie
10
Q
How far apart are Canadas Northernmost and southernmost points?
A
4 634 km apart
11
Q
What is Canadas westernmost point?
A
Boundary peak in Yukon
12
Q
What is Canadas easternmost point?
A
Cape spear, Newfoundland
13
Q
How far apart are Canadas westernmost and easternmost points?
A
5514 km
14
Q
What is Canadas area?
A
9.985 million square km
15
Q
How many physiographic regions is Canada split into?
A
7
16
Q
What are Canadas physiographic regions based on?
A
Geological structures and topography
17
Q
What are Canadas 7 physiographic regions?
A
Appalachian region
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Canadian Shield
Hudson Bay Lowlands
Interior Plains
Cordillera
Arctic lands
18
Q
Where is the Appalachian region? (Physiographic regions)
A
The eastern Maritime provinces of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick, and the southeastern part of Quebec.
19
Q
What is the land like in the Appalachian region? (Physiographic)
A
It has older mountains with rock outcrop and swamps.
20
Q
Where is prime agriculture land found?
A
Prince Edward Island (Appalachian physiographic region)
21
Q
What natural resources does the Appalachian region have? (Physiographic regions)
A
Marine life and coal
22
Q
What physiographic region is the bay of Fundy found in?
A
The Appalachian region
23
Q
What is special about the Bay of Fundy?
A
It had the highest tide ranges in the world
24
Q
Where is the St. Lawrence Lowlands? (Physiographic region)
A
Southern parts of Quebec and Ontario
25
Where do the highest density of Canadian population live? (Physiographic region)
St. Lawrence Lowlands
26
What natural resources do the St. Lawrence Lowlands have?
Fertile agriculture soil, construction materials, opportunities for hydropower
27
What physiographic region is Niagara Falls found in?
St. Lawrence Lowlands
28
What is special about Niagara Falls?
It is arguably Canadas most popular tourist attraction and 3160 tons of water flow over it every second
29
What is the largest physiographic region?
Canadian shield
30
Where is the Canadian Shield? (Physiographic region)
In most of Quebec, Ontario, northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Nunavut, and over half of the Northwest Territories
31
What is the land like in the Canadian Shield?
Mostly rock outcrops, bogs, with boreal forests and many lakes created by a retreating glacier
32
How does the soil in the Canadian Shield affect agriculture?
It’s soil is thin and acidic, which makes it poor land for agriculture
33
What natural resources does the Canadian Shield have?
Forest, mineral deposits (gold, uranium, copper, nickel), and hunting
34
What physiographic region is some of the worlds oldest rock found in?
The Canadian Shield
35
Where is the Hudson Bay Lowlands?
Northernmost areas of Ontario and Northeastern areas of Manitoba
36
What is the land like in the Hudson Bay Lowlands?
The land is flat, which makes it hard for water to drain and causes a swampy area. It’s natural resources are limited
37
Which physiographic region is the largest area of wetlands in the world?
The Hudson Bay Lowlands
38
Where is the Interior Plains?
Most of Alberta, Southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and Mackenzie delta area in the Northwest Territories
39
What is the land like in the Interior Plains?
It’s a prime agricultural land for its flatlands and rolling hills. The elevation increases east to west as approaching the mountains
40
What natural resources does the Interior Plains have?
Agriculture, minerals, crude oil, and natural gas
41
Where is a the majority of people in the Interior Plains?
The southern parts
42
Where is the Cordillera located? (Physiographic regions)
Most of BC, Yukon, and a little of the Northwest Territories
43
What is the land like in the Cordillera? (Physiographic regions)
It’s a young mountainous region with montane boreal forest and lush valleys.
44
What natural resources does the Cordillera have? (Physiographic regions)
Forest minerals (gold), fruit agriculture, opportunities for hydro electricity
45
Where is Canada’s tallest mountain (Mount Logan) located?
In the Yukon portion of the Cordillera physiographic region
46
Where is the arctic physiographic region located?
Almost all of Nunavut
47
What is the land like in the arctic physiographic region?
It’s a rugged isolated mountainous region full of glaciers and ice fields with high winds. Fossil fuels are found in it’s south, but the north is too cold for exploration
48
Which physiographic region is known as a polar desert and why
The arctic lands is known as a polar desert due to how little precipitation is receives per year (less than 11cm)
49
Which physiographic region is 60% of the world’s polar bear population found?
The Arctic lands
50
What are the 5 Great Lakes?
Lake Superior
Lake Michigan
Lake Huron
Lake Erie
Lake Ontario
51
Where does the chain of Great Lakes begin and end?
It begins from the Arctic Ocean in Yukon and ends in the Atlantic Ocean in New York
52
How many climate regions is Canada divided into?
8
53
What are Canadas 8 climate regions?
Arctic
Taiga
Boreal
Prairie
Cordilleran
Pacific maritime
Southeastern
Atlantic maritime
54
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is daily conditions meanwhile climate is long term conditions
55
Where is the arctic region? (Climate region)
It is the northernmost region and contains most of Nunavut and Northern Quebec
56
What is the climate like in the arctic climate region?
It has light snowfall, high winds, and lengthy periods of low temperatures.
57
What is the vegetation in the arctic climate region?
The arctic climate regions vegetation is limited to tundra.
58
What is tundra?
Tundra is basically land where trees and vegetation cannot grow because of the cold
59
What does permafrost mean?
Permanently frozen (in the arctic climate region this refers to its soil)
60
What is the arctic climate region also known as?
The Land of the Midnight Sun
61
Which climate region were the worlds oldest sunglasses found?
The arctic climate region
62
What is the taiga region also known as?
Sub-arctic region
63
What is the climate like in the taiga region?
It has very cold winters (thought not as bad as the arctic)
64
What is the biggest difference between the taiga and arctic climate regions?
The taiga region with experience melting as it warms, meanwhile the arctic does not
65
What is the vegetation like in the taiga region?
Because the region has a short growing season it has tundra vegetation and not much plant agriculture
66
Which climate region is the tree line in?
The taiga region
67
What is the tree line?
Where trees disappear because of the climate
68
Where is the boreal climate region?
This region is located in northern Albert, mid-Saskatchewan, mid-Manitoba, most of Ontario and southern Quebec
69
What is the climate like in the boreal climate region?
This region experiences very cold winters with 6 months of snow and warm summers
70
Which climate region has the largest temperature range?
The boreal climate region
71
What is the vegetation in the boreal climate region?
Boreal forest
72
Where is the prairie climate region located?
It covers southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
73
What is the climate like in the prairie climate region?
It has light precipitation and very cold winter with hot summers
74
Which climate region is known as a grassland and parkland zone?
The prairie region
75
Where is the Cordilleran climate region located?
In Yukon, the western border of the Northwest Territories, a majority of BC and the southwestern border of Alberta
76
Which climate region has temperatures that vary with elevation?
The Cordilleran region
77
What is the vegetation like in the Cordilleran climate region?
Varied montane and boreal forest region
78
Where is the pacific maritime climate region?
The west coast of BC
79
What is the climate like in the Pacific Maritime climate region?
It has high rainfall with mild winters and cool summers
80
What is the vegetation in the Pacific Maritime climate region?
Canada’s only rainforest, and has very large trees
81
Where is the Southeastern climate region?
South Ontario and Quebec
82
What is the climate like in the Southeastern climate region?
It has high humidity with warm summers and cool winters
83
What is the vegetation in the Southeastern climate region?
Broadleaf and mixed forest
84
Which climate region do most Canadians live in?
The Southeastern climate region
85
Where is the Atlantic Maritime climate region located?
This region is in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island
86
What is the climate like in the Atlantic Maritime climate region?
This region experiences high precipitation with cool winters, warm summers, and big snow storms. They experience tropical storms and hurricanes that come from the Cordilleran
87
What is the vegetation in the Atlantic Maritime climate region?
Mixed and boreal forest
88
What physiographic region is Winnipeg in?
The Interior Plains
89
What climate region is Winnipeg in?
The Boreal Region
90
What are the 4 main climate factors?
Latitude
Distance from the ocean
Prevailing air movement
Landforms
91
How does latitude affect climate?
The sun hits the land near the Equator straight on, with concentrated, powerful rays. However the further the land is from the equator the more land the sun must cover because it’s at an angle. To make it all get the same amount of energy it must spread out and give weaker rays, making these lands colder than those close to the equator.
92
How does distance from the ocean affect climate?
The wind picks up moisture from the lands it travels over. Lands closer to the oceans have more temperate and mild temperatures with high precipitation. However land farther from the oceans have more extreme temperatures and lower precipitation.
93
How does prevailing air movement affect climate.
In Canada, the wind moves from west to east, because of this so does the weather.
94
How do landforms affect climate?
Landforms affect climate because the block weather from moving.
95
What is human geography?
Where people are living and why
96
What do people look for when choosing a place to start a city?
Access to food and water resources
Accessibility to transportation
Building resources for shelter
Existing populations
97
What happens when a good place for a city is chosen?
A community will appear
A war over the land may start
98
What is population density?
How many people live in a particular area. It describes the amount of space each person has in that area
99
How is population density recorded?
People/square km
100
What is the formula for population density?
Population divide area
101
The higher the population density…
The less space per person on average
102
The lower the population density…
The more space per person on average
103
The highest population density in Canada is found in which physiographic and climate regions?
St Lawrence Lowlands (physiographic)
Southeastern (climate)
