Geography Flashcards
Half Yearly (104 cards)
1
Q
What is the difference between a landscape and landform?
A
A landscape refers to the overall appearance of an area, including its physical features, while a landform is a specific feature of the landscape, such as mountains, hills, or valleys.
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2
Q
Define a mountain landscape
A
Elevated landforms with significant height difference
Examples of landforms in mountain landscapes include peaks, ridges, and valleys.
3
Q
List 3 landforms found in a mountain landscape.
A
- Peaks
- Ridges
- Valleys
4
Q
Provide 1 real example of a mountain landscape.
A
The Great Dividing Range
5
Q
Define a coastal landscape
A
Land meets the ocean
Coastal landscapes often include marine ecosystems.
6
Q
List 3 landforms found in a coastal landscape.
A
- Beaches
- Cliffs
- Dunes
7
Q
Provide 1 real example of a coastal landscape.
A
Bondi Beach
8
Q
Define a riverine landscape
A
Rivers with marine ecosystems
9
Q
List 3 landforms found in a riverine landscape.
A
- Rivers
- Floodplains
- Riverbanks
10
Q
Provide 1 real example of a riverine landscape.
A
The Murray Darling Basin
11
Q
Define a desert landscape
A
Arid conditions, sparse vegetation
12
Q
List 3 landforms found in a desert landscape.
A
- Sand dunes
- Rocky plateaus
- Dry riverbeds
13
Q
Provide 1 real example of a desert landscape.
A
The Sahara Desert
14
Q
Define a karst landscape
A
Dissolution (the dissolving matter until it turns to a substance) soluble rock
15
Q
List 3 landforms found in a karst landscape.
A
- Caves
- Sinkholes
- Stalactites
16
Q
Provide 1 real example of a karst landscape.
A
Jenolan Caves
17
Q
Define a human landscape.
HInt - dia
A
Shaped by human activities - development, agriculture, infrastructure
18
Q
List 3 landforms found in a human landscape.
A
- Urban areas
- Farmlands
- Roads
19
Q
Provide 1 real example of a human landscape.
A
New York City
20
Q
Identify the 4 key geomorphic processes.
A
- Weathering
- Erosion
- Deposition
- Tectonic activity
21
Q
What is tectonic activity?
A
Movement of the Earth’s crust that creates landforms
22
Q
What are the 3 key types of plate movements?
Hint - Cmon Deeya Think
A
- Convergent
- Divergent
- Transform
23
Q
What is a hot spot?
A
Molten rock from the mantle reaches the Earth’s surface, creating volcanic activity.
24
Q
What is a fault line?
A
Fractures within the Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred.
25
Outline the 4 key layers of the Earth.
* Crust
* Mantle
* Outer core
* Inner core
26
Outline the terms, ‘weathering’, ‘erosion’ and ‘deposition’.
* Weathering: The breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface.
* Erosion: The removal and transport of weathered materials.
* Deposition: The accumulation of sediments in a new location.
27
Explain the formation of the 3 main types of mountains.
* Fold mountains form from the collision of tectonic plates.
* Fault-block mountains result from tectonic forces causing blocks of the Earth's crust to uplift or drop.
* Volcanic mountains are formed from volcanic activity.
28
Define aesthetic value of landscapes.
Aesthetic value refers to the appreciation of beauty and visual appeal in a landscape.
29
Provide 1 real example and a landscape for aesthetic value.
The Grand Canyon
30
Define economic value of landscapes.
Financial benefits derived from natural resources and activities in a landscape
31
Provide 1 real example and a landscape for economic value.
The Amazon Rainforest - agriculture, transportation, and resource extraction
32
Define cultural value of landscapes.
Significance of a landscape to the identity, heritage, and traditions of a community.
33
Provide 1 real example and a landscape for cultural value.
Uluru
34
Define spiritual value of landscapes.
Spiritual value pertains to the connection and significance of a landscape to religious or spiritual beliefs.
35
Provide 1 real example and a landscape for spiritual value.
Uluru
36
How do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples value the landscape in Australia?
They value the landscape as a source of cultural identity and spiritual connection, exemplified by the significance of Uluru.
37
Outline 3 ways mountain landscapes are used by people.
* Tourism
* Agriculture
* Mining
38
Which use of mountain landscapes has the most impact?
Mining
39
Which use of mountain landscapes has the least impact?
Tourism
40
Outline 3 ways coastal landscapes are used by people.
* Fishing
* Tourism
* Urban development
41
Which use of coastal landscapes has the most impact?
Urban development
42
Which use of coastal landscapes has the least impact?
Fishing
43
What is landscape degradation?
Landscape degradation is the deterioration of the landscape quality due to human activity or natural processes.
44
Explain the cause of soil erosion.
Soil erosion is caused by the removal of topsoil due to water, wind, or human activities.
45
Explain the cause of desertification.
drought, deforestation, innappropriate agriculture.
46
Explain the cause of salinity.
Hint - Dad
Salinity is caused by the accumulation of salts in soil or water, often due to poor agricultural practices or irrigation.
47
Outline the 4 main types of landscape management strategies.
hint - “Keep it safe, bring it back,
Use it well, plan the track.”
* Conservation
* Restoration
* Sustainable development
* Land-use planning
48
What is ecotourism?
Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
49
What is a geomorphic hazard?
A natural event that poses a threat to life, property or the environment. by natural processes.
50
Briefly outline the 6 common geomorphic hazards.
* Earthquakes
* Landslides
* Floods
* Volcanic eruptions
* Tsunamis
* Sinkholes
51
Identify 1 geomorphic hazard.
Earthquake
52
Outline the cause of the earthquake hazard.
Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates along fault lines.
53
Explain 2 impacts of the earthquake hazard.
* Destruction of infrastructure
* Loss of life
54
Discuss 1 management strategy for the earthquake hazard.
Building codes improve structural resilience to withstand seismic activity.
## Footnote
Pros: Reduces damage and casualties; Cons: Can be costly and complex to implement.
55
What is the difference between blue, green, and grey water?
* Blue water: Surface and groundwater
* Green water: Soil moisture used by plants
* Grey water: Wastewater from domestic activities
56
Where can water be naturally stored in the environment?
* Aquifers
* Glaciers
* Lakes
57
Where is most of Earth’s water found?
In the oceans
58
What type of activity uses the most water?
Agriculture
59
What is virtual water?
Htnt - GST
Virtual water refers to the water used in the production of goods and services, often measured in terms of trade.
60
Outline how water can be used for agriculture, industrial, and recreational purposes.
* Agriculture: Irrigation
* Industrial: Manufacturing processes
* Recreational: Swimming pools
61
How can people from different cultures/religions value water differently?
Hint - include an example
Some cultures view water as sacred and essential for rituals, while others may prioritize it for practical uses.
## Footnote
Example: The Ganges River in Hinduism.
62
What is the water cycle?
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection.
63
Why is the water cycle considered a closed system?
The water cycle is considered a closed system because the total amount of water remains constant, cycling through different states and locations.
64
Define evaporation in the water cycle.
Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas due to heat.
65
Define condensation in the water cycle.
Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid droplets.
66
Define precipitation in the water cycle.
Precipitation is any form of water, such as rain or snow, that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface.
67
Define infiltration in the water cycle.
Infiltration is the process by which water soaks into the soil from the surface.
68
Define run-off in the water cycle.
Run-off is the movement of water, usually from precipitation, across the surface of the land into bodies of water.
69
Define transpiration in the water cycle.
Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plants and then released as vapor into the atmosphere.
70
Define collection in the water cycle.
Collection is the accumulation of water in bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.
71
Outline the 3 types of rainfall.
* Orographic
* Frontal
* Convectional
72
What factor influences the availability of water resources?
## Footnote
Tanvi is so SLAY!!!!!!
The location of an area and itsd latitude, altitude and topography
73
How does altitude influence the availability of water?
Higher altitudes often receive more precipitation but can also lead to colder temperatures, affecting water storage.
74
How does topography influence the availability of water?
Topography affects water availability by determining drainage patterns and the location of rivers and lakes.
75
How does location influence the availability of water?
Location determines proximity to water bodies and the impact of climate on water availability.
76
How does climate change influence the availability of water?
Climate change can alter precipitation patterns and increase evaporation, impacting water resources.
77
What is water scarcity?
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage.
78
Explain the causes and impacts of water scarcity using 1 example/location.
Causes include over-extraction and climate change. An example is Cape Town, which faced severe water shortages due to prolonged drought.
79
What are the three types of rainfall?
1. Convectional Rainfall
2. Orographic Rainfall
3. Frontal Rainfall
## Footnote
Convectional rainfall occurs due to the heating of the Earth's surface, orographic rainfall is caused by air being forced to rise over mountains, and frontal rainfall occurs when two air masses meet.
80
Explain the water cycle.
The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection
## Footnote
The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation.
81
What are the different forms of water?
1. Ground water
2. Soil moisture
3. Surface water
4. Waste water
5. Salt water
6. Ice
7. Water vapour
## Footnote
These forms of water vary in location and state, affecting their availability and usability.
82
Name 5 factors that influence the availability of water?
1. Climate
2. Geography
3. Human Activity
4. Seasonal Variations
5. Pollution
## Footnote
These factors can limit access to clean water and affect overall water supply.
83
Define water scarcity.
A situation where the demand for water exceeds the available supply
## Footnote
Water scarcity can be caused by climatic changes, overuse, and pollution.
84
What are the causes of water scarcity?
1. Over-extraction
2. Climate Change
3. Population Growth
4. Pollution
5. Inefficient Water Use
## Footnote
Each cause contributes to the diminishing availability of clean water.
85
What are the consequences of water scarcity?
1. Health Issues
2. Food Insecurity
3. Economic Impact
4. Environmental Degradation
5. Social Conflicts
## Footnote
Water scarcity can lead to significant challenges for communities and ecosystems.
86
Fill in the blank: Water scarcity can be defined as a situation where the demand for water exceeds the _______.
available supply
## Footnote
Understanding this definition is crucial for addressing water management issues.
87
What is the value of water?
1. Essential for Life
2. Economic Resource
3. Environmental Balance
4. Cultural Importance
5. Recreational Use
## Footnote
Water plays a multifaceted role in society, impacting health, economy, and culture.
88
89
What is one impact of litter at Kalkari?
Animals eating litter
## Footnote
Plastics blowing into the creek and impacting on the animals - microplastics
90
What is a consequence of no rubbish bins at picnic areas?
Encourages visitors to take litter away with them
91
How does bushwalking impact plant species?
Trampling can kill individual plants, reducing biodiversity
## Footnote
Seedlings are especially vulnerable
92
What do information signs at tracks and paths do?
Provide guidance to visitors
93
What effect does visitor presence have on kangaroos?
Kangaroos can become frightened or desensitised
94
Where are all kangaroos located at Kalkari?
In a fenced off area
95
What measures are taken to protect infrastructure from bushfires?
Making fire trails, Maintaining power lines
96
What happens to paths due to bushwalking?
Erosion on steeper sections, widening paths due to trampling
97
What are two methods to manage water runoff on tracks?
* Berms
* Drains
98
What is a consequence of visitors feeding animals?
Animals become desensitised and can become aggressive
99
Why is human food unhealthy for native animals?
It is not part of their natural diet
100
What is one way to manage the spread of phytophthora?
Provision of shoe brushing stations
101
What do engravings represent in relation to Aboriginal People?
Stories of Country and connection to place
102
Name one management approach to Aboriginal sites.
* Cultural burning
* Importance of Acknowledgement/Welcome to Country
103
Why is it important to involve Aboriginal Peoples’ knowledges in management?
To understand cultural sensitivities and management appropriateness
104
Fill in the blank: Engravings can outline roles and responsibilities, protocols, and provide _______.
maps for moving safely through Country
