Geography

Question 1

Bus route through Banladesh?

Answer 1

1. Kolkata-Dhaka-Agartala(Tripura capital)

2. Dhaka-Shillong(Meghalaya capital)-Guwahati

Question 2

Name two islands within the Kaveri river in Karnataka

Answer 2

1. SriRangpatna
2. Shivnasamudra, having waterfalls named gagnachuki/bharachukki

*on the left waterfalls Asia’s first hydroelectric project was built which gave power to Bangalore

Question 3

Most important oil fields in India?

Answer 3

Mumbai High (Offshore, 14nm)
Gujrat (Ankleshwar- imp)
Assam (oldest oil producing states in India)

Question 4

All types of Natural Gas?

Answer 4

Shale Gas
Coalbed Methane
Tight Sandstones
Methane Hydrates

Question 5

Most important oil fields in India?

Answer 5

Mumbai High (Offshore, 14nm)
Gujrat (Ankleshwar- imp)
Assam (oldest oil producing states in India)

Question 6

Rivers of Manipur?

Answer 6

1. Barak (controversial dam- Tepaimukh)
2. Imphal
3. Iril
4. Surma-Meghna

Question 7

Name of lakes?

Answer 7

Narayan Sarovar- Gujrat
Dal- Jammu&Kashmir 
Astamudi- Kerela
Loktak- Manipur
Chilika- Orissa

Question 8

Krishna River

Answer 8

The Krishna River is the second biggest river in peninsular India. It originates near Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra from the statue of a cow in a temple. It then runs for a distance of 303 km in Maharashtra, 480 km through the breadth of North Karnataka and the rest of its 1300 km journey in Andhra Pradesh before it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The river basin is 257,000 km2, and the States of Maharastra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh contributes 68,800 km2 (26.8%), 112,600 sq.k.m. (43.8%) and 75,600 km2 (29.4%) respectively.
Projects built on it: Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar

Question 9

What is Dhirio and why was it banned?

Answer 9

Dhirio festival was banned for infliction of pain and suffering on bulls.
Dhirio is a Bull fight that takes place between two bulls. Bull fight is known as ‘Dhirio’ in Konkani and is a simple game in which the bulls fight one another.

Question 10

Who gave the Big Bang Theory and the Theory of Steady State?

Answer 10

Edwin Hubble- Big Bang

Hoyle- Steady State

Question 11

Arrange the life form according to their time of origin on earth.

Answer 11

Bacteria>Blue Green Algae>Soft body Arthropods> Marine Invertebrates > First Fish>Amphibians >Reptiles

Question 12

Where is the worlds deepest drill located?

Answer 12

At Kola in the Arctic, 12 kms deep

Question 13

Name the compounds contained in volcanic eruptions.

Answer 13

Nitrogen compounds
Sulphur compounds 
Hydrogen
Chlorine 
Argon

Question 14

What does the explosiveness of a volcano especially caldera indicates?

Answer 14

It indicates that the magma chamber supplying the lava is huge and is in close vicinity of the volcanic opening.

Question 15

The composite volcanic formation below the ground is called ?

Answer 15

Laccoliths

Question 16

Name and explain different volcanic landforms.

Answer 16

Batholiths- large domes of magma which ones used to supply magma to a once active volcano.
Laccoliths- these a domes of localised magma with a conduit from below reaching to the source batholith.
Lapolith- these are concave or saucer type formations.
Phacolith- magma frozen in wave form sometimes on the top of anticline or on the bitten of a syncline in a folded rock region
Sills and Sheets- near horizontal masses of magma in layered forms and theses are called sheets of are very thin.
Lava Mesa- are a table top like structures made of solidified magma in the crust and which are visible only after weathering.
Dykes- sometimes magma flowing through the crust horizontally may get into fissures or cracks and form vertical wall like structures.

Question 17

Which forces makes the continents drifting?

Answer 17

Tidal Force

Pole Fleeing Force due to Rotation of the earth

Question 18

Explain the features of sea bed or sea floor.

Answer 18

Continental Shelf- where corals and mangroves are found; beaches.
Continental Slope- starts at the end of the shelf and is a steep slope.
Abyssal plains- these are the plain ms that start where the slope ends.
Continental Rise- also called transition area on the border of slope end and abyssal plains and is less steep than the slope because of deposits.
Mid Oceanic Ridges- fault lines with rampant volcanic eruptions.
Trenches- deepest parts of oceans mostly at the end of plates.

Question 19

The movement of Indian tectonic plate throughout earths history has been traced with the help of rocks analysed from which place ?

Answer 19

Nagpur Plateau

Question 20

How is the rate of movement of tectonic plate is determined?

Arrange the tectonic plates according to their movement speed.

Answer 20

The strips of normal and reverse magnetic field helps scientists to determine the rate of movement.

Arctic Ridge- 2.5cm/yr
Pacific plate (near East Pacific Rise)- 15 cm/yr

Question 21

Name the compounds that can be found in elemental form?

Answer 21

Sulphur, Graphite, copper, gold, silver

Question 22

Name the minerals that are selected to measure the degree of harness from 1 to 10.

Answer 22

1. Talc
2. Gypsum
3. Calcite
4. Fluorite
5. Apatite
6. Feldspar
7. Quartz
8. Topaz
9. Corundum
10. Diamond

Question 23

What is shear strength and angle of repose of a slope?

Answer 23

When the force acting on a slope exceeds its resisting force, slope failure (mass wasting) occurs. The slope material’s strength and cohesion and the amount of internal friction between material help maintain the slope’s stability and are known collectively as the slope’s shear strength. The steepest angle that a cohesionless slope can maintain without losing its stability is known as its angle of repose. When a slope made of loose material possesses this angle, its shear strength perfectly counterbalances the force of gravity acting upon it.

Question 24

From where the Karst Topography name has been taken?

Answer 24

From the typical topography developed in limestone rocks of Karst region in the Balkans near the Adriatic Sea.

Question 25

Qattara Depression of Egypt. What type of landform is it and explain its formation.

Answer 25

A deflation hollow is a type of landform found in arid and semi-arid regions. It occurs when loose surface materials are scooped out, thus creating a hollow (also known as blowout). Sometimes, a deflation hollow may reach the water table, which results in water oozing out. As the water slowly fills up the hollow, an oasis is formed. The Qattara Depression of Egypt is an example of a deflation hollow.

Question 26

Saltation

Answer 26

the transport of hard particles over an uneven surface in a turbulent flow of air or water.

Question 27

In which climate types the dust particles are most abundant and why?

Answer 27

In subtropical and temperate because of low rainfall.

Question 28

Albedo of the earth?

Answer 28

The 35% of solar radiation which is reflected back to space by clouds and ice caps even before it reaches the surface.

Question 29

What is geostrophic winds?

Answer 29

When there is no friction and the isobars are straight and parallel to each other, the Coriolis force is balanced by pressure gradient force and the result is that the winds move parallel to isobars. This is called geostrophic wind.

Question 30

``` Isohyet Isohels Isonephs Isobath Isohaline ```

Answer 30

Places joined on map having similar mean annual rainfall is called Isohyet Isohels- places with similar sunshine duration Isonephs- similar clouds Isobath- contours joining places of same depth under sea Isohaline- same salinity

Question 31

What is the elevation of the oceanic water at the equator and what is the reason for this?

Answer 31

The water at the equator is elevated by 8 cms as compared to the other oceans because the direct sunlight overhead leads to the expansion of water molecules.

Question 32

Why does the river Jhelum has meanders?

Answer 32

Meanders are formed by River Jhelum due to local base level of sediments provided by a primeval lake which existed millions of years ago in Kashmir Valley. The present Dal Lake is a part of the old lake. About 2 million years ago when the Kashmir valley, surrounded by Great Himalayan Range in north-east and Pir Panjal Range in southeast, was submerged under water. Due to tectonic upliftment of Pir Panjal range, drainage of the region was impounded and a big lake of about 5000 sq km area was formed. Because of endogenic forces, Baramullah Gorge was created and this vast lake was drained through this gorge leaving behind sediments and these deposits are called Karewas. ( "Karewa" in Kashmiri means "elevated table-lan

Question 33

Difference between the Shivalik hills and duar formations in Sikkim region?

Answer 33

Shiwalik is a mountain range, it is the part of Himalayas innermost to India. It is also the youngest of the Himalayas. This mountain range starts from Indus and extends in the East West direction. Its width decreases progressively towards East and finally ceases to exist after the Gandak River. Most of the mountains of this range are within 2,000 m in height. On the other hand, Duars are floodplains and foothills of Himalayas in North-Eastern state Assam and northern part of West Bengal. The altitude of this region varies widely with as low as 90 m and as high as 1,750 m. The similar region in Nepal and North India is termed Terai.

Question 34

The Indian Desert used to be under water. Give evidence.

Answer 34

It was under water in the Mesozoic era. This can be corroborated by studying the wood fossils park at Aakal and the marine deposits around Bhramsar near Jaisalmer.

Question 35

Kerela Backwaters

Answer 35

The Kerala backwaters are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India. The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.

Question 36

Superposed river or Antecedent River?

Answer 36

It is a stream that forms over horizontal beds that overlie folded and faulted rock with varying resistance. The stream erodes through the underlying horizontal beds, and retains its course and pattern despite changes in the underlying rock. The stream erodes a gorge in the resistant bed and continues its flow as before.

Question 37

Why does Kaveri flows for the whole year?

Answer 37

Because it's upper catchment area receives rainfall from the south west monsoon in summers and lower catchment receives rainfall from north east monsoon in winters.

Question 38

What indicates the arrival of western disturbances in the Indian subcontinent in the winter season? And what brings these disturbances into Indian subcontinent?

Answer 38

Rise in the prevailing night temperature indicates the arrival of western disturbances brought by the westerly jet streams.

Question 39

Types of trees in various forest types.

Answer 39

* Evergreen- White cedar, hillock, kail * Moist deciduous- teak, sal, sisham, hurrah, Mahua, Amla, semis , kusum, sandalwood * Dry deciduous- tendu, palas, khair, bel, amaltas * Thorn forest- babool, ber, wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas; tussocky grass also * Montane- in Himalayas, broad leaf tree oak and chestnut (in NE); pine, chir pine (1500m-1750m altitude); deodar, walnut, chinar; blue pine and spruce (2225-3048m); silver fir, pine, juniper, rhododendron, birch are present between 3000-4000m altitude; in south India- magnolia, laurel, cinchona, wattel. * Littoral-

Question 40

Why does the salinity of the soil increase?

Answer 40

In the areas of dry climate and due to excess of irrigation, the capillary action takes place in the soil and the salt deposits on the topmost layer of the soil. This problem could be evaded by using gypsum in soil.

Question 41

Which agencies are involved in mineral exploration?

Answer 41

Geological Survey of India (GSI), Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC), Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd. (MECL), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), Bharat Gold Mines Ltd. (BGML), Hindustan Copper Ltd. (HCL), National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO) and the Departments of Mining and Geology in various states.