Geography All Topics Revision Flashcards

Question

corrosion HINT: chalk and limestone

Answer 1

rocks such as chalk and limestone are dissolved in the river water and carried away as dissolved material

Answer 2

the speed of the river

Answer 3

when a river drops its load because it does not have enough energy

Answer 4

the water carries along fine, light particles of material

Answer 5

boulders and large rocks are slowly rolled along the bed of the river

Answer 6

the dissolved material is transported

Answer 7

small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed

Answer 8

a river overspills its river channel and water covers land that is usually dry. often floods the floodplain

Answer 9

England, Wales, Scotland, Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland

Answer 10

England, Wales, Scotland

Answer 11

England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland

Answer 12

Rivers transform significantly from their source to their mouth, with changes in width, depth, flow speed, and the nature of the sediment they carry. The river's source is typically narrow, shallow, and steep, while the mouth is wider, deeper, and flows more gently. As the river flows downstream, it gains water from tributaries, increases in width and depth, and the sediment it carries becomes smaller and more rounded.

Answer 13

Erosion, transportation and deposition occur in all rivers. Each process has a role to play in the formation of different river landforms.

Answer 14

There is a layer of hard rock on top of the soft rock, and the soft rock erodes over time whilst the hard rock doesn't, and this forms a drop and a plunge pool. The hard rock stays in place while the soft rock erodes, forming an overhang, and over time the plunge pool becomes larger and deeper. Eventually, the hard rock will collapse, forming a much more vertical drop. Hydraulic action and abrasion occur. As the hard rock continues to erode, the waterfall retreats upstream and a gorge forms. The plunge pool continues getting larger. Hydraulic action and abrasion are still happening.

Answer 15

Meanders are bends in the course of a river. On the outside of a meander the water is deeper and the current flows faster. The force of the water undercuts the bank of the outside bend, forming a steep bank. This is called a river cliff. On the inside bend the river deposits sand and pebbles, forming a gentle slip-off slope. Meanders slowly move across a landscape, as the erosion bank cuts into the valley

Answer 16

Erosion makes the necks of a meander narrow, because that's where the most energy is and the water is faster. During floods rivers take the shortest course through the neck, because there is more water that needs to move. A new straighter river course is formed, and so is a cut off/ abandoned oxbow lake. Deposition at the edge of the river channel will facilitate the oxbow lake forming. Eventually, the river might erode again.

Answer 17

A delta is a landform found in the lower course of a river. Deltas form at the mouth of a river - they are created by the process of deposition. As a river empties into the sea, ocean or lake, the velocity falls and the river drops the material it has been carrying. As this builds up, new land is formed - this is the delta.

Answer 18

1) when the weather is hot and the ground becomes dry, rainfall won't be able to infiltrate the ground, increasing run-off. 2) rise in temperature after a period of snow/ice causing meltwater 3) removal of vegetation in the drainage basin reduces the amount of interception by trees

Answer 19

people need to find alternative homes, contaminated water, people's mental health affected, houses are not popular to buy, expensive to fix the damage

Answer 20

the York Flood of 2015 (Foss and Ouse rivers), the 2014 Somerset floods

Answer 21

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Oceania

Answer 22

the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans

Answer 23

Equator (0), Tropic of Cancer (23), Tropic of Capricorn (23), Arctic Circle (60), Antarctic Circle (60)

Answer 24

The Prime Meridian/ the Greenwich Meridian (0)

Answer 25

Hard engineering strategies involve the use of technology in order to control rivers. Hard engineering provides immediate results and is very effective, however it is quite expensive and uses man-made materials e.g concrete. Some examples are reservoir dams, channel realignment, and bank reinforcement (ripraps).

Answer 26

Soft engineering seeks to work alongside natural processes. It does not interfere directly with the river's flow. It looks better and is cheaper than hard engineering, however it is not as effective. It uses more natural material e.g willow with things like bank reinforcement. Some examples are afforestation, warning systems, and floodplain zoning.