Geography Assessment 2022

Question 1

Coastal Erosion

Answer 1

4 types

Question 2

Hydraulic Action - Coastal Erosion

Answer 2

The force of the waves against the cliffs. The water traps air in the cracks and caves. The air is compressed, forcing the rock to weaken and eventually break.

Question 3

Corrosion - Coastal Erosion

Answer 3

Caused by the acid in seawater spray dissolving the rock

Question 4

Attrition - Coastal Erosion

Answer 4

Caused by pebbles hitting each other in the waves. This makes the pebbles smaller and rounder and eventually they become sand.

Question 5

Abrasion - Coastal Erosion

Answer 5

The effect of the waves throwing pebbles at the cliffs. This erodes the cliffs at their base.

Question 6

Features - Coastal Erosion

Answer 6

Headlands, bays, caves, arches, stacks and stumps

Question 7

1 - Erosion of Headland

Answer 7

Waves attack a discordant coastline of alternating hard and soft rock. The soft rock erodes at a faster rate than the hard rock.

Question 8

2 - Erosion of Headland

Answer 8

Headlands are created from the hard rock and bays are eroded from the soft reck between them. Deposition also occurs in sheltered bays.

Question 9

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - 1

Answer 9

Waves attack a fault in the rock by hydraulic action and abrasion

Question 10

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - 2

Answer 10

The fault is enlarged to form a cave. A blowhole may appears on the headland due to the upward erosion by the waves on the roof of the cave.

Question 11

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - 3

Answer 11

Hydraulic action and abrasion widen and deepen the cave and eventually cut through the headland to for an arch

Question 12

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - 4

Answer 12

Undercutting, weathering and gravity lead to collapse, leaving a stack.

Question 13

Caves, arches, stacks and stumps - 6

Answer 13

As the cliff retreats through erosion by the waves, a platform of rock extending into the sea may be left. This is called a wave cut platform.

Question 14

What is longshore drift?

Answer 14

The movement of sediment along the beach by waves

Question 15

1 - Longshore drift

Answer 15

Swash moves up the beach at the angle determined by the direction of the prevailing wind.

Question 16

2 - Longshore drift

Answer 16

After the wave has broken, the backwash returns to the sea at a 90 degree angle.

Question 17

3 - Longshore drift

Answer 17

In this way, sand and pebbles are moved along the beach.

Question 18

4 - Longshore drift

Answer 18

The sand and the pebbles will build up against a groyne

Question 19

1 - Spit

Answer 19

A spit is created when longshore drift transports pebbles ad sand towards a corner in a coastline. At the point where there is a change in the direction of the coastline and shallow water with weak currents, the pebbles and sand are deposited.

Question 20

2 - Spit

Answer 20

Over time the demotion will extend into the sea in the direction of the longshore drift

Question 21

3 - Spit

Answer 21

A salt marsh will then develop on the sheltered side of the spit. The spit may develop a hooked end if there is a secondary wind direction or wave refraction.

Question 22

Climatic Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 1

H

Answer 22

Heavy rainfall over a short or long period of time

Question 23

Climatic Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 2

G

Answer 23

Ground that is saturated as a result of previous rainfall

Question 24

Climatic Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 3

M

Answer 24

melting snow and glaciers

Question 25

Climatic Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 4 | S

Answer 25

Soil baked hard by the Sun therefore acting as if impermeable

Question 26

Climatic Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 5 | H

Answer 26

Hurricanes causing wave surges

Question 27

Physical Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 1 | N

Answer 27

Narrow steep-sided valleys causing surface run-off to reach rivers rapidly after a storm

Question 28

Physical Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 2 | I

Answer 28

Impermeable rock causing rapid surface run-off

Question 29

Physical Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 3 | I

Answer 29

Low-lying coastal areas

Question 30

Physical Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 4 | T

Answer 30

Tsunamis

Question 31

Human Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 1 | U

Answer 31

Urbanisation can lead to an increase in tarmac and drains, which causes rapid surface run-off

Question 32

Human Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 2 | T

Answer 32

The diversion of a river or the narrowing of a channel can lead to flooding

Question 33

Human Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 3 | D

Answer 33

Deforestation in a river or narrowing of a channel can lead to flooding

Question 34

Human Affects of flooding - River and Coastal - 4 | D

Answer 34

Deforestation and the loss of tree roots mean that the soul is loosened and when rain falls and travels as surface run-off, it takes with it soil that washes into the river and silts up the river, displacing water.

Question 35

Effect of floods - 1

Answer 35

Buildings being washed away or damaged

Question 36

Effect of floods - 2

Answer 36

People and animals being drowned

Question 37

Effect of floods - 3

Answer 37

Communications being damaged due to closed roads and impassable railways

Question 38

Effect of floods - 4

Answer 38

Crops being ruined (and the agricultural economy suffering)

Question 39

Effect of floods - 5

Answer 39

Insurance claims

Question 40

Effect of floods - 6

Answer 40

Drinking water being contaminated by sewage, leading to disease.

Question 41

Effect of floods - 7 - Beneficial Bonus

Answer 41

A beneficial effect is that silt deposited by flooding river provides fertile soil for farming

Question 42

Flood Control and prevention - 1

Answer 42

The construction of dams to control the amount of water being discharged

Question 43

Flood Control and prevention - 2

Answer 43

The construction of levels and dykes to contain water

Question 44

Flood Control and prevention - 3

Answer 44

The straightening of meanders to enable flood water to escape more quickly

Question 45

Flood Control and prevention - 4

Answer 45

Afforestation to increase transpiration and infiltration (water will be removed from the river basin as it taken up by the roots)

Question 46

Flood Control and prevention - 5

Answer 46

Sandbagging to prevent flooding of buildings

Question 47

Flood Control and prevention - 6

Answer 47

Avoiding building on flood plains - flood plain zoning

Question 48

Flood Control and prevention - 7

Answer 48

Ecological flooding - allowing meadows to flood to prevent flooding elsewhere

Question 49

Flood Control and prevention - 8

Answer 49

Various types of sea defence, such as sea walls, groins, rip rap or offshore breakers, to reduce the risk of coastal flooding

Question 50

How many ideas for Human Affects of flooding

Answer 50

4!!!!!!!

Question 51

How many ideas for Physical effects of flooding

Answer 51

4!!!!!!

Question 52

How many ideas for Climatic effects of flooding

Answer 52

5!!!!